3.2 Buddhism Key Beliefs: Authority (AQA GCSE Religious Studies A): Flashcards
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- Front3.2.1 The Buddha
What was the Buddha's name before he became enlightened?
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What was the Buddha's name before he became enlightened?
Siddhartha Gautama.
What does the title 'Buddha' mean?
'Awakened one' or 'enlightened one'.
Into what family and place was Siddhartha born?
As a prince in southern Nepal (~500 BCE), to King Suddhodana and Queen Maya.
The sacred writings describe Siddhartha's life of luxury: 'I was delicately ______' (Anguttara Nikaya).
The sacred writings describe Siddhartha's life of luxury: 'I was delicately nurtured' (Anguttara Nikaya).
Give one example of Siddhartha's life of luxury.
He had three mansions (for winter, summer and the rainy season), fine clothes and the best food.
What are the Four Sights Siddhartha saw?
An old man
A sick man
A dead man
A holy man
Which text records the story of the Four Sights?
The Jataka Tales.
What did the Four Sights make Siddhartha realise?
That life is full of Dukkha (suffering) and that he needed to seek enlightenment.
True or False?
Siddhartha's father wanted him to leave the palace to become a holy man.
False.
His father tried to keep him in luxury, unaware of suffering, hoping he would become a king, not a holy man.
Define renunciation.
Giving up worldly things — Siddhartha left his family, possessions and rich clothes to seek enlightenment.
Siddhartha left the palace aged ______ with his assistant Channa.
Siddhartha left the palace aged 29 with his assistant Channa.
Who raised Siddhartha after his mother died?
His mother's sister — Queen Maya died seven days after his birth.
What did Siddhartha give up when he left to seek enlightenment?
His wife and newborn son, his possessions, his hair and his rich clothes.
Define ascetic.
Someone who lives a strict, simple life with few possessions.
How long did Siddhartha live as an ascetic?
Six years.
Give one thing Siddhartha did as an ascetic.
Lived in dangerous forests, slept on a bed of thorns, or ate so little he became thin and weak.
What made Siddhartha stop living as an ascetic?
He accepted a bowl of rice and milk from a cowgirl, which restored his strength.
Define the Middle Way.
The path between the extremes of luxury and asceticism (self-denial).
Who was the demon that tried to distract Siddhartha during meditation?
Mara.
How did Siddhartha resist Mara's temptations?
With self-discipline, staying focused on his meditation.
What are the Three Watches of the Night?
The three realisations of Siddhartha's enlightenment: (1) his previous lives, (2) the cycle of rebirth and kamma, (3) why dukkha happens and how to overcome it.
True or False?
Siddhartha found spiritual wisdom through extreme self-denial.
False.
He realised neither luxury nor self-denial gave wisdom, and chose the Middle Way.
During the second watch, what did Siddhartha understand?
The cycle of life, death and rebirth according to kamma, and the importance of anatta.
Siddhartha was inspired to live as an ascetic by the ______ man he saw in the last of the Four Sights.
Siddhartha was inspired to live as an ascetic by the holy man he saw in the last of the Four Sights.
To whom did the Buddha first teach his wisdom after enlightenment?
The five ascetics, his first students.
After his enlightenment, Siddhartha became known as the ______, meaning 'the enlightened one'.
After his enlightenment, Siddhartha became known as the Buddha, meaning 'the enlightened one'.
Between which two extremes did the Buddha ask his followers to choose a middle way?
Luxury and asceticism (self-denial).
What do the Four Noble Truths aim to explain?
Why people suffer and how they can end suffering.
What does the First Noble Truth teach?
That suffering (dukkha) exists and everyone experiences it.
Define tanha.
Craving — the main cause of suffering, according to the Second Noble Truth.
What are the three types of tanha (craving)?
Sensory craving (sensual pleasures)
Craving for being (existence)
Craving for non-being (extermination)
What are the Three Poisons?
Greed, hatred and ignorance.
Where are the Three Poisons depicted, and by which animals?
At the centre of the Tibetan Wheel of Life: a cockerel (greed), a snake (hatred) and a pig (ignorance).
What does the Third Noble Truth (nirodha) teach?
That there is an end to suffering — by letting go of cravings.
Define Nibbana.
'Extinction' — the extinction of the Three Poisons, and a state of complete enlightenment, peace and happiness.
What is the Fourth Noble Truth (magga), the cure for suffering?
The Eightfold Path.
What are the three sections of the Threefold Way?
Ethics (sila)
Meditation (samadhi)
Wisdom (panna)
True or False?
Buddhism teaches that suffering can never be ended.
False.
The Third Noble Truth teaches that suffering can end by letting go of craving.
The Four Noble Truths are compared to ______: the Buddha is the doctor who diagnoses and cures suffering.
The Four Noble Truths are compared to illness: the Buddha is the doctor who diagnoses and cures suffering.
The Eightfold Path avoids which two extremes?
Asceticism (self-denial) and luxury — it is the Middle Way.
The Second Noble Truth teaches that the main cause of suffering is ______ (craving).
The Second Noble Truth teaches that the main cause of suffering is tanha (craving).
To whom did the Buddha first teach the Four Noble Truths?
The five ascetics, his first followers.
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