Impact of Natural Hazards (Edexcel IGCSE Geography): Flashcards
Exam code: 4GE1
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Define hazardous region.
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Cards in this collection (36)
Define hazardous region.
A hazardous region is an area where people are at risk from natural events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or tropical cyclones.
Many people continue to live in hazardous regions because of advantages such as , energy, and .
Many people continue to live in hazardous regions because of advantages such as fertile soil, geothermal energy, and jobs.
What is the main reason why people may not be aware of the risks of living in hazardous regions?
A lack of education and information means people may not be aware of the risks of living in hazardous regions.
True or False?
People sometimes stay in hazardous regions because they have strong family or social ties there.
True.
People may be born and brought up in an area and do not want to leave because of family or emotional attachment.
What makes a natural event become a hazard?
The interaction between the natural event, humans and the human environment.
Why do some poorer people have little choice about living in a hazardous region?
They are too poor to move away.
Why does an infrequent disaster encourage people to stay in a hazardous region?
If disasters do not happen frequently, people may believe they are unlikely to be affected.
Historically, settlements have developed on the ______ and near ______, which are vulnerable to hazards.
Historically, settlements have developed on the coast and near rivers, which are vulnerable to hazards.
Why is the soil around Mount Vesuvius attractive for farming?
Weathered volcanic material produces nutrient-rich, fertile soil that is ideal for growing crops such as grapes, fruits and olives.
Which nearby city provides economic opportunities for people living around Mount Vesuvius?
Naples, whose proximity provides jobs and makes the area an economic hub.
True or False?
Cheaper housing is a valid reason to earn marks for why people live in hazardous areas.
False.
Although housing may be cheaper in hazardous areas, this is not something you would be awarded marks for in the exam.
Define vulnerability in relation to natural hazards.
In relation to natural hazards, vulnerability refers to how susceptible people, communities, or countries are to harm from natural hazards, based on factors such as their exposure, susceptibility, and ability to cope and adapt.
The calculation of vulnerability is based on exposure to natural hazards, susceptibility, capacity to cope, and .
The calculation of vulnerability is based on exposure to natural hazards, susceptibility, capacity to cope, and capacity to adapt.
How does poverty increase a population's vulnerability to natural hazards?
Poverty increases a population's vulnerability to natural hazards by limiting access to quality housing, healthcare, insurance, education, and technology, making it harder to cope with and recover from disasters.
True or False?
High population density and poor building quality can increase deaths and injuries during natural hazards.
True.
High population density means more people and often more closely packed buildings, while poor building quality increases the risk of collapse, both of which raise the number of deaths and injuries in a disaster.
Name the three main categories of factors that affect vulnerability.
Economic, social and physical factors, or a combination of these.
The quality of buildings, healthcare and infrastructure all depend on the ______ of a country.
The quality of buildings, healthcare and infrastructure all depend on the wealth of a country.
Why can people living in poverty rarely obtain insurance against hazards?
They cannot afford insurance, and insurance companies will only insure well-built homes and structures.
How does access to technology reduce a wealthier country's vulnerability?
Wealthier countries have more access to monitoring equipment, so they may get more warnings of events.
Give one physical factor that increases the chance of landslides.
Steep slopes.
Why does global location affect an area's vulnerability to hazards?
Some areas experience more hazards because they are near plate boundaries or in tropical regions.
People with a higher level of ______ are likely to be wealthier and better informed about the risks.
People with a higher level of education are likely to be wealthier and better informed about the risks.
True or False?
Poverty is one of the main factors affecting a population's level of vulnerability.
True.
Poverty is one of the main factors affecting vulnerability because it affects many of the other economic and social factors.
Define short-term impacts of natural hazards.
Short-term impacts are the immediate effects of a natural hazard, usually affecting people in the days and weeks after the event, such as property damage, deaths, injuries, and disruption to services.
Define long-term impacts of natural hazards.
Long-term impacts are the effects that occur months or years after a natural hazard, including rebuilding, economic cost, mental health issues, and changes in policies or infrastructure.
What was the magnitude of the Gorkha earthquake in Nepal?
The Gorkha earthquake in Nepal had a magnitude of 7.8.
The epicentre of the Gorkha earthquake was the village of , located 60km north-west of .
The epicentre of the Gorkha earthquake was the village of Barpak, located 60km north-west of Kathmandu.
How many deaths were caused by the Gorkha earthquake in 2015?
The Gorkha earthquake caused approximately 8,600 deaths.
True or False?
The Gorkha earthquake led to the destruction of UNESCO World Heritage sites.
True.
The Gorkha earthquake destroyed sites such as Changu Narayan Temple and Dharahara Tower, both UNESCO World Heritage sites.
The Mount Merapi eruption in resulted in the evacuation of approximately people.
The Mount Merapi eruption in 2010 resulted in the evacuation of approximately 350,000 people.
What two positive long-term impacts did the Mount Merapi eruption have for local agriculture and safety?
The Mount Merapi eruption led to more fertile soils due to minerals in the ash, and a permanently expanded exclusion zone for increased safety.
Tropical cyclone Haiyan reached category and caused over deaths.
Tropical cyclone Haiyan reached category 5 and caused over 6,400 deaths.
Which city was almost 90% destroyed by Typhoon Haiyan?
Almost 90% of Tacloban was destroyed by Typhoon Haiyan.
After Typhoon Haiyan, a ' ' strategy was launched to upgrade buildings and reduce future damage.
After Typhoon Haiyan, a 'Build Back Better' strategy was launched to upgrade buildings and reduce future damage.
Approximately how many landslides did the Kaikōura earthquake trigger?
Approximately 11,000 landslides, which destroyed 390 km of road and railway and cut off Kaikōura for 16 days.
True or False?
Long-term impacts of earthquakes can include changes to building regulations and mental health issues.
True.
Earthquakes often lead to stricter building codes and can have long-lasting mental health impacts such as PTSD.
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