Earthquake Management (Edexcel IGCSE Geography): Flashcards
Exam code: 4GE1
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Define cross-bracing in building design.
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Cards in this collection (39)
Define cross-bracing in building design.
Cross-bracing is the use of diagonal supports in the frame of a building to increase stability and resistance to earthquake forces.
Define remote sensing.
Remote sensing is the collection of information about the Earth's surface using satellite technology to detect changes such as ground movement.
Define the National Reconstruction Authority in Nepal.
The National Reconstruction Authority is a government body in Nepal responsible for distributing funding and helping people rebuild houses after earthquakes.
What is a tiltmeter?
A tiltmeter is an instrument that monitors ground changes by detecting slight shifts in the Earth's surface, which can indicate potential earthquake activity.
Modern earthquake-resistant buildings often use shock absorbers and frames that with tremors.
Modern earthquake-resistant buildings often use rubber shock absorbers and frames that sway with tremors.
GIS stands for Information Systems and helps emergency services by providing layers of data, such as .
GIS stands for Geographic Information Systems and helps emergency services by providing layers of data, such as infrastructure.
Earthquake drills and help people know what to do during an earthquake and their chances of survival.
Earthquake drills and education help people know what to do during an earthquake and increase their chances of survival.
Monitoring gas emissions and clusters of small can be used as possible indicators of future earthquakes.
Monitoring radon gas emissions and clusters of small earthquakes can be used as possible indicators of future earthquakes.
What is the purpose of land use planning in earthquake-prone areas?
Land use planning aims to reduce risk by ensuring that important services and densely populated housing are not located in high-risk earthquake zones.
How does remote sensing help in managing earthquake impacts?
Remote sensing provides data about ground movement that helps emergency services assess risks and prioritize search and rescue operations after earthquakes.
How did Nepal improve earthquake preparation after the 2015 earthquake?
Nepal improved earthquake preparation by passing a Disaster Management Act, training stonemasons, improving building codes, and increasing earthquake drills and education.
True or False?
It is currently possible to accurately predict when and where an earthquake will occur.
False.
Accurate prediction of earthquakes is not possible, but monitoring can help identify potential risks.
What building regulation features help reduce earthquake impact in developed countries?
Features such as reinforced walls, cross-bracing, small windows, deep foundations, and shock absorbers help buildings withstand earthquakes.
How can GIS data be used after an earthquake event?
GIS data helps emergency services assess risks to population and infrastructure, plan search and rescue, and decide where to direct resources after an earthquake.
What was one major criticism of the short-term response to the 2015 Nepal earthquake?
One major criticism of the short-term response to the 2015 Nepal earthquake was that rescue workers took 24 hours to reach the epicentre, causing delays in aid and increasing recovery time.
Define short-term response.
A short-term response is the set of actions taken immediately after a hazard event, such as search and rescue, providing medical assistance, food, water, and shelter.
In Japan, the issued warnings before the more damaging S waves, and a warning gave people 20 minutes to get to safety.
In Japan, the Japanese Meteorological Agency issued warnings before the more damaging S waves, and a tsunami warning gave people 20 minutes to get to safety.
True or False?
NGOs and armed forces may both be involved in the short-term response to a natural hazard event.
True.
Short-term response often requires coordination between NGOs and government organisations, including the armed forces, to provide effective relief.
Which model shows the stages of quality of life after a hazard event?
Park's hazard response curve.
The emergency response includes searching collapsed buildings, providing medical assistance, and clearing ______.
The emergency response includes searching collapsed buildings, providing medical assistance, and clearing rubble and debris.
How long did it take rescue workers to reach the epicentre after the Nepal earthquake?
24 hours.
How much immediate relief funding did the Asian Development Bank grant to Nepal?
A US$3 million grant.
How were homeless people in Kathmandu given shelter after the Nepal earthquake?
Tent cities were set up in Kathmandu.
Which force was sent in immediately in Japan to organise food, water, shelter and medicines?
The Self Defence Forces.
In Japan, a state of emergency was declared at the ______ nuclear power plant.
In Japan, a state of emergency was declared at the Fukushima nuclear power plant.
True or False?
The short-term response to a hazard is usually slower and less well organised in developing countries.
True.
The response is often slower and less well organised in developing countries, which increases deaths and recovery time.
Define earthquake-resistant building.
An earthquake-resistant building is a structure specifically designed and constructed to withstand the shaking and movement caused by an earthquake, reducing the risk of collapse and injuries.
Why is retrofitting existing buildings important after an earthquake?
Retrofitting existing buildings is important because it makes them safer in future earthquakes by improving their structural integrity and reducing the likelihood of collapse and injury.
Large-scale is often required after an earthquake event to repair damage and ensure safety.
Large-scale rebuilding is often required after an earthquake event to repair damage and ensure safety.
Define risk assessment in the context of earthquakes.
A risk assessment is the process of evaluating the probability that an earthquake will have harmful consequences for people, buildings, or the economy, based on the level of vulnerability and exposure.
How do hazard maps and GIS help in earthquake planning?
Hazard maps and GIS help by identifying areas most at risk, informing decisions about land use zoning, locating critical infrastructure away from vulnerable areas, and coordinating emergency response plans.
The more a population is, the greater the risk that an earthquake will cause deaths, injuries, and economic damage.
The more vulnerable a population is, the greater the risk that an earthquake will cause deaths, injuries, and economic damage.
What was one major way Nepal responded to the 2015 earthquake to improve future resilience?
Nepal formed the National Reconstruction Authority to coordinate rebuilding and ensure funding helped people rebuild their houses, and improved building codes to make structures safer.
Define Building Back Better in the context of Japan's earthquake response.
"Building Back Better" refers to Japan's approach of improving building codes, town planning, and infrastructure after an earthquake, so rebuilt structures and systems are more resilient to future hazards.
Define risk.
The probability that a hazard event will have harmful consequences.
How much did the Asian Development Bank provide for rehabilitation in Nepal?
US$200 million.
How high are the new tsunami walls constructed in Japan?
25–30m high.
Nepal introduced ______ training courses to ensure new buildings are earthquake-resistant.
Nepal introduced stonemason training courses to ensure new buildings are earthquake-resistant.
True or False?
It is collapsing buildings that cause the most injuries and deaths in an earthquake.
True.
In an earthquake it is the collapsing buildings that cause the most injuries and deaths, so reducing building damage is key to minimising impacts.
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