Economic Sectors (Edexcel IGCSE Geography): Flashcards
Exam code: 4GE1
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Define primary sector.
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Cards in this collection (40)
Define primary sector.
The primary sector is the part of the economy involved in the extraction or growth of raw materials, such as farming, fishing, mining and forestry.
Define tertiary sector.
The tertiary sector is the part of the economy that involves the provision of services, such as transport, healthcare, education and retail.
Which economic sector includes activities such as research and development and information technology?
The quaternary sector includes activities such as research and development and information technology.
The sector involves processing raw materials to make finished products, such as car manufacture or food processing.
The secondary sector involves processing raw materials to make finished products, such as car manufacture or food processing.
As a country develops what happens to the primary sector's contribution to GDP and employment?
As a country develops, the primary sector's contribution to GDP and employment rapidly decreases.
During the period, the secondary sector becomes dominant before decreasing, while the tertiary sector increases.
During the industrial period, the secondary sector becomes dominant before decreasing, while the tertiary sector increases.
True or False?
Deindustrialisation refers to an increase in secondary sector employment.
False.
Deindustrialisation refers to a decrease in secondary sector employment due to factors like mechanisation and global changes.
In the phase, the tertiary and quaternary sectors increase while the primary and secondary sectors decrease.
In the post-industrial phase, the tertiary and quaternary sectors increase while the primary and secondary sectors decrease.
Define economic activity.
An economic activity is the production, purchase or sale of goods and services.
Define secondary sector.
The secondary sector is the part of the economy where raw materials are processed into a finished product, such as car manufacture or food processing.
What does the Clark-Fisher model illustrate?
How employment in each economic sector changes as countries develop.
Which economic sector dominates employment and GDP in the post-industrial phase?
The tertiary sector.
Increasing ______ in agriculture led to a decrease in the number of primary sector jobs.
Increasing mechanisation in agriculture led to a decrease in the number of primary sector jobs.
True or False?
A developing country is likely to be dominated by tertiary economic activities.
False.
A developing country is dominated by primary economic activities; a developed country is dominated by tertiary activities.
Define physical factors in the location of economic activities.
Physical factors are natural features such as raw materials, land, energy supply, and climate that influence where economic activities are located.
Define human factors in the location of economic activities.
Human factors are elements such as capital, transport, market, labour, and government policy that affect the location of economic activities.
Industries that require heavy or bulky are usually located close to their sources to reduce transport costs.
Industries that require heavy or bulky raw materials are usually located close to their sources to reduce transport costs.
Which factor is most important for the location of tertiary economic activities?
The most important factor for the location of tertiary economic activities is proximity to customers.
Quaternary economic activities often locate near and universities to access skilled labour and knowledge.
Quaternary economic activities often locate near science parks and universities to access skilled labour and knowledge.
True or False?
Climate is a more important location factor for agriculture than for mining.
True.
Climate strongly affects agriculture, influencing the types of crops or livestock, while mining depends more on the presence of resources and transport.
Why are factories for car manufacturing usually located on large, flat sites near main roads?
Factories for car manufacturing require large, flat land for buildings, storage, and parking, and benefit from good transport links to receive materials and distribute products efficiently.
For primary economic activities, access to is essential to transport crops, animals, or mined materials to the market.
For primary economic activities, access to roads is essential to transport crops, animals, or mined materials to the market.
Define the global shift.
The movement of manufacturing (secondary economic activity) from developed countries to emerging and developing countries.
Why are TNCs increasingly able to locate factories in emerging and developing countries?
Cheaper labour, cheaper land, less strict health and safety and more workers all reduce costs and increase profits.
Tertiary and quaternary activities are increasingly located on the ______, where land is cheaper and there is more open space.
Tertiary and quaternary activities are increasingly located on the rural-urban fringe, where land is cheaper and there is more open space.
True or False?
There are no working coal mines in the UK because coal has completely run out.
False.
There are no working coal mines in the UK because they are economically unviable and imported coal is cheaper.
What is the name for the movement of tertiary and quaternary activities out of the city to the rural-urban fringe?
Decentralisation.
The clustering of similar quaternary industries close together, as at ______ in the USA, is known as agglomeration.
The clustering of similar quaternary industries close together, as at Silicon Valley in the USA, is known as agglomeration.
What is the Clark-Fisher Model?
The Clark-Fisher Model is a theory that describes changes in employment structure as countries develop, showing a shift from the primary to secondary to tertiary sectors.
In developed countries, employment is highest in the sector due to higher education levels, and increased demand for services.
In developed countries, employment is highest in the tertiary sector due to higher education levels, deindustrialisation and increased demand for services.
How does mechanisation affect employment in primary and secondary sectors?
Mechanisation reduces the number of jobs in primary and secondary sectors because machines can do tasks previously performed by humans.
Which factors influence the number of people employed in different economic sectors?
Factors include the availability of raw materials, globalisation, technology, demographic changes and government policies.
In a developing country such as Kenya, which sector employs the most people?
The primary sector, largely because much of the rural population are subsistence farmers.
Why are more people employed in the secondary sector in emerging countries such as China?
Factories locate there due to lower costs, greater availability of raw materials and government policies that attract companies.
Define subsistence farming.
Farming where crops and livestock are produced mainly to feed the farmer's own family, rather than for sale.
Define transnational corporation (TNC).
A company that has factories and offices in many countries.
As populations grow and people gain more ______, the demand for leisure and other services increases.
As populations grow and people gain more disposable income, the demand for leisure and other services increases.
How do governments encourage particular economic activities to locate in their country?
Through tax incentives, infrastructure improvements and grants or cheap rent.
True or False?
Improved internet and communication mean service activities such as call centres can be located anywhere in the world.
True.
Globalisation and better communication allow service activities such as call centres to be located almost anywhere.
The reduction in secondary sector jobs in developed countries such as the UK is known as ______.
The reduction in secondary sector jobs in developed countries such as the UK is known as deindustrialisation.
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