Energy - Production, Security & Managment (Edexcel IGCSE Geography): Flashcards
Exam code: 4GE1
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Define energy source.
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Define energy source.
An energy source is any material or resource that can be used to produce energy for human use, such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, or renewables.
Which regions are the main producers of fossil fuels for primary energy?
The main producers of fossil fuels for primary energy are the USA, Canada, Norway, Russia, Australia, and the Middle East.
Some areas produce very little energy due to a lack of or because they do not have the money to exploit the resources.
Some areas produce very little energy due to a lack of natural resources or because they do not have the money to exploit the resources.
True or False?
The world's largest energy producers are always the smallest energy consumers.
False.
The world's largest producers are often also the largest consumers of energy.
Define energy gap.
An energy gap is when a country cannot meet the demand for energy using its own resources.
What does it mean for a country to be energy secure?
To be energy secure, a country must have an uninterrupted supply of energy that is affordable and accessible.
If a country has an energy gap, it has to energy to meet demand.
If a country has an energy gap, it has to import energy to meet demand.
List two reasons why the UK is not considered energy secure.
The UK is not considered energy secure because renewable energy is not as efficient and cannot fully replace fossil fuels, and because it is cheaper to import fossil fuels than to exploit UK resources.
Define energy poverty.
Energy poverty is when people do not have access to modern energy supplies.
What are the two main causes of increased global energy demand?
The two main causes of increased global energy demand are population growth and development.
Countries with the highest energy consumption per person tend to be countries such as Canada and Norway.
Countries with the highest energy consumption per person tend to be developed countries such as Canada and Norway.
What percentage of the world's primary energy is supplied by fossil fuels?
Fossil fuels supply 84% of the world's primary energy.
It is estimated that people still rely on fuelwood as their main source of energy.
It is estimated that 2.5 billion people still rely on fuelwood as their main source of energy.
Name two factors that have contributed to increased energy demand in urban areas.
Two factors that have contributed to increased energy demand in urban areas are urbanisation and the increased use of domestic appliances, heating, and lighting.
List three factors that can affect a country's energy security.
Three factors that can affect a country's energy security are war or conflict, natural hazards, and political disputes.
Define non-renewable energy source.
A non-renewable energy source is a source of energy that is finite and will eventually run out.
Fossil fuel energy sources are one of the main sources of emissions.
Fossil fuel energy sources are one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions.
List two advantages of using gas as an energy source.
Two advantages of using gas are that it is efficient and it is the least polluting of fossil fuels.
Coal mining can destroy and releases which leads to acid rain.
Coal mining can destroy habitats and releases SO₂ which leads to acid rain.
What is a renewable energy source?
A renewable energy source is an energy source that is infinite and will not run out.
Name two advantages of hydroelectric power.
Two advantages of hydroelectric power are that it produces no greenhouse gas emissions and it can control flooding downstream.
Wind energy produces greenhouse gas emissions, but is because it only works when the wind is strong enough.
Wind energy produces no greenhouse gas emissions, but is not reliable because it only works when the wind is strong enough.
True or False?
Solar energy produces greenhouse gas emissions during its operation.
False.
Solar energy does not produce greenhouse gas emissions during operation, but emissions may occur during the production and transport of equipment.
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of nuclear energy.
Advantage: it produces no greenhouse gas emissions. Disadvantage: nuclear waste is radioactive and expensive to dispose of.
A major disadvantage of oil is the risk of ______, such as the Exxon Valdez disaster.
A major disadvantage of oil is the risk of oil spills, such as the Exxon Valdez disaster.
Which non-renewable energy source has large world reserves and is cheap?
Coal.
Why is geothermal energy considered reliable?
It can produce large amounts of energy continuously, with lots of potential sites and no CO2 emissions.
True or False?
Biomass is the one renewable source that still produces greenhouse gases.
True.
Unlike other renewables, biomass/waste produces greenhouse gases and causes air pollution when burned.
Define fossil fuels.
Non-renewable energy sources such as coal, oil and gas that are a main source of greenhouse gas emissions.
Define ecological footprint.
An ecological footprint is a measurement of the impact on the environment caused by an individual or a country, based on their resource use and waste produced.
What is the main source of energy for most of the rural population in Nepal?
The main source of energy for most of the rural population in Nepal is fuelwood.
98% of all electricity in Nepal is generated through .
98% of all electricity in Nepal is generated through hydropower.
True or False?
Norway is one of the world’s largest energy exporters.
True.
Norway has significant oil and gas reserves and exports a large amount of energy globally.
Hydropower generates % of Norway’s electricity and accounts for % of its energy use.
Hydropower generates 90% of Norway’s electricity and accounts for 65% of its energy use.
Define energy efficiency.
Energy efficiency is the use of the least possible energy to meet demands, which helps to reduce waste and conserve resources.
What are two actions individuals can take to reduce energy use in the home?
Individuals can reduce energy use by insulating walls or roof spaces and by using energy-efficient appliances.
The Ruma Khola micro-hydro plant provides electricity for the town of and five neighbouring villages.
The Ruma Khola micro-hydro plant provides electricity for the town of Darbang and five neighbouring villages.
Define carbon footprint.
A measure of environmental impact in terms of the greenhouse gases produced by an individual or country.
Which UN Sustainable Development Goal focuses on energy?
Goal 7: affordable and clean energy.
Give one national strategy a government can use to make energy use more sustainable.
Investing in renewable technologies such as wind and solar (also: encouraging electric cars, grants for insulation, or building regulations).
In Nepal, support from the ______ has led to more investment in hydropower, with over 3000 micro-hydro plants now in place.
In Nepal, support from the World Bank has led to more investment in hydropower, with over 3000 micro-hydro plants now in place.
How has the Ruma Khola micro-hydro plant reduced environmental damage in Nepal?
Reliance on kerosene and fuelwood has fallen, emissions have dropped and deforestation has decreased.
How is Norway reducing its consumption of oil in transport?
By encouraging a switch to electric cars — in 2021, 66% of all new car sales were electric.
True or False?
Norway relies solely on hydropower and is not developing other renewables.
False.
Because hydropower is unreliable in the dry season, Norway is expanding wind farms and solar energy as well.
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