Define quantitative data in a river study.

Numerical data collected in a river enquiry, such as channel measurements , sediment size , width , depth , velocity , and calculated discharge values.

Define qualitative data in river fieldwork.

Non-numerical, descriptive data such as field sketches , photographs , and written observations of river features and landforms .

Where should river width be measured?

Measure width from where the dry bank meets the water on one side directly across to where the dry bank meets the water on the opposite side.

When measuring width, the tape must be held and not touch the .

When measuring width, the tape must be held taut and not touch the water .

Why is river depth measured at regular intervals across the channel?

Regular intervals give a full picture of depth changes and allow calculation of a reliable mean depth for discharge calculations.

How is velocity measured using a float ?

Time a float over a known distance (e.g. 10 m) using a stopwatch , repeat three times at each position, then calculate mean velocity .

To calculate cross-sectional area, multiply river by mean .

To calculate cross-sectional area, multiply river width by mean depth .

True or False? Field sketches and photographs are quantitative river data.

False. Field sketches and photographs are qualitative data because they provide descriptive visual information , not numerical measurements.

Define aim in a river enquiry.

A broad statement of what the investigation intends to find out , such as how discharge or cross-profile changes downstream.

Define hypothesis in river fieldwork.

A testable statement or prediction based on geographical theory , for example that discharge increases with distance downstream.

What is the Bradshaw model used for in river studies?

The Bradshaw model predicts how river characteristics like width , depth , velocity , and discharge change from source to mouth .

In systematic sampling , sites are chosen at intervals along the river.

In systematic sampling , sites are chosen at regular intervals along the river.

True or False? Random sampling helps reduce bias in river site selection.

True. Random sampling gives every potential site an equal chance of selection, which reduces bias in where data are collected.

State two risks of carrying out river fieldwork.

Two risks are slippery rocks and flash flooding .

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River Practical Skills (Edexcel IGCSE Geography): Flashcards

Exam code: 4GE1

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Define quantitative data in a river study.

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Cards in this collection (15)

Define quantitative data in a river study.
Numerical data collected in a river enquiry, such as channel measurements, sediment size, width, depth, velocity, and calculated discharge values.
Define qualitative data in river fieldwork.
Non-numerical, descriptive data such as field sketches, photographs, and written observations of river features and landforms.
Where should river width be measured?
Measure width from where the dry bank meets the water on one side directly across to where the dry bank meets the water on the opposite side.
When measuring width, the tape must be held and not touch the .
When measuring width, the tape must be held taut and not touch the water.
Why is river depth measured at regular intervals across the channel?
Regular intervals give a full picture of depth changes and allow calculation of a reliable mean depth for discharge calculations.
How is velocity measured using a float?
Time a float over a known distance (e.g. 10 m) using a stopwatch, repeat three times at each position, then calculate mean velocity.
What is the formula for river discharge?
$Q = A \times v$
- $Q$ = discharge (m^3/s)
- $A$ = cross-sectional area (m^2)
- $v$ = mean velocity (m/s)
To calculate cross-sectional area, multiply river by mean .
To calculate cross-sectional area, multiply river width by mean depth.
True or False?
Field sketches and photographs are quantitative river data.
False.
Field sketches and photographs are qualitative data because they provide descriptive visual information, not numerical measurements.
Define aim in a river enquiry.
A broad statement of what the investigation intends to find out, such as how discharge or cross-profile changes downstream.
Define hypothesis in river fieldwork.
A testable statement or prediction based on geographical theory, for example that discharge increases with distance downstream.
What is the Bradshaw model used for in river studies?
The Bradshaw model predicts how river characteristics like width, depth, velocity, and discharge change from source to mouth.
In systematic sampling, sites are chosen at intervals along the river.
In systematic sampling, sites are chosen at regular intervals along the river.
True or False?
Random sampling helps reduce bias in river site selection.
True.
Random sampling gives every potential site an equal chance of selection, which reduces bias in where data are collected.
State two risks of carrying out river fieldwork.
Two risks are slippery rocks and flash flooding.

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