Challenges to Urban Environments (Edexcel IGCSE Geography): Flashcards
Exam code: 4GE1
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Define central business district (CBD).
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Cards in this collection (24)
Define central business district (CBD).
A central business district (CBD) is the oldest part of a city, containing the main commercial, retail, and financial services.
What is self-organised segregation in urban areas?
Self-organised segregation is when people in a city choose to live near others of similar ethnicity, religion, or occupation, resulting in distinct residential patterns.
All towns and cities grow outwards, in a series of from a historic centre or core to an urban fringe.
All towns and cities grow outwards, in a series of rings from a historic centre or core to an urban fringe.
True or False?
Land values in a city are highest at the city centre and along main roads.
True.
Land values are usually highest at the city centre and along main roads due to high accessibility and demand.
The largest residential segregation in urban areas is created through personal .
The largest residential segregation in urban areas is created through personal wealth.
What is the bid-rent theory?
The bid-rent theory explains how land prices and demand decrease as distance from the central business district increases, with different land uses competing for the most accessible plots.
Name the four main zones found in most urban areas according to the urban development model.
The four main zones are the central core (CBD), inner-city ring, suburban ring, and urban fringe.
Land uses of similar activities group together, creating and troughs of land values across the urban landscape.
Land uses of similar activities group together, creating peaks and troughs of land values across the urban landscape.
Why are high-density residential areas common in central urban locations?
High-density residential areas are common in central urban locations because land values are high, forcing many people to live in small, cramped spaces to afford housing.
Define segregated land use in urban settlements.
Segregated land use is when different activities or groups occupy distinct areas of a city due to differences in land value and purpose.
The density of building developments from the central core to the urban fringe.
Personal wealth allows people to afford better housing in prime urban locations, while those with less wealth are often forced into high-density or sub-standard housing in less desirable areas.
How does personal wealth affect where people live within cities?
Personal wealth allows people to afford better housing in prime urban locations, while those with less wealth are often forced into high-density or sub-standard housing in less desirable areas.
Define world city.
A world city is a major urban area that is a significant node in the global economic system, often serving as a centre for finance, business, and trade.
What makes Hong Kong's housing unique among world cities?
Hong Kong's housing is unique because, as one of the world's most densely populated islands, it has become a vertical city, with around half of its residents living in government-rented high-rise public housing.
Most of Hong Kong's food is because agriculture only contributes 0.1% to its GDP.
Most of Hong Kong's food is imported because agriculture only contributes 0.1% to its GDP.
True or False?
Hong Kong has been greatly affected by deindustrialisation due to its manufacturing sector shrinking.
False.
Hong Kong has not been greatly affected by deindustrialisation because its economy is based mainly on trade and financial services, not manufacturing.
Define ecological footprint.
An ecological footprint is a measure of how much land, water, and resources a city or individual requires to sustain their lifestyle and absorb their waste.
A megacity often needs to bring in extra to meet the high demand from its inhabitants.
A megacity often needs to bring in extra water to meet the high demand from its inhabitants.
What is social polarisation in the context of urban challenges?
Social polarisation is the situation where there are extreme differences in wealth, poverty, and deprivation within a city, often found in close proximity, leading to reduced social mobility and increased inequality.
Large cities often face problems with on their roads due to the high volume of people moving around.
Large cities often face problems with traffic congestion on their roads due to the high volume of people moving around.
Why is waste disposal a significant challenge for world cities?
Waste disposal is a significant challenge because every person and business produces large amounts of rubbish, landfill space is running out, and stricter laws make it harder to dispose of certain types of waste.
True or False?
All developed cities face the same social, economic, and environmental challenges.
False.
Challenges are varied and unique to each city. For example, Hong Kong has efficient public transport but faces issues with social polarisation and poverty.
Over 90% of the 11 million daily journeys in Hong Kong are made on .
Over 90% of the 11 million daily journeys in Hong Kong are made on an integrated network of public transport (rail, bus, and ferry).
Which sector employs most of the non-Chinese population in Hong Kong?
Most of the non-Chinese population in Hong Kong are employed in the domestic service industry.
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