Collaboration (College Board AP® Computer Science Principles): Flashcards
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Define computing innovation.
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Define computing innovation.
A computing innovation is a creation that includes a computer or program code as an integral part of its function.
What three forms can a computing innovation take?
A computing innovation can take the form of a program, a physical device, or a non-physical concept.
True or False?
Cloud computing is an example of a computing innovation that is a physical device.
False.
Cloud computing is a non-physical concept: an idea or approach enabled by computing.
Name three reasons computing innovations are developed.
Computing innovations are developed to solve problems, for creative expression, or to explore new ideas.
Define collaboration.
Collaboration is the process of working with others to develop computing innovations.
Name two benefits of collaboration when developing a computing innovation.
Benefits of collaboration include:
Reducing individual bias in the development process
Identifying errors and overlooked requirements earlier
Bringing together diverse viewpoints, leading to more creative and effective solutions
Reflecting real-world software development, where teams work together on large projects
Collaboration can take place in person or ______, and often involves a combination of both.
Collaboration can take place in person or online, and often involves a combination of both.
Define diversity in a development team.
Diversity in a development team means including people with different backgrounds, experiences, and expertise.
True or False?
A development team that lacks diversity may unintentionally create products that only work well for a narrow group of users.
True.
Without different perspectives, a team may miss problems that affect users unlike themselves.
Define multi-perspective design.
Multi-perspective design is an approach where input is gathered from people with different viewpoints throughout the development process.
Name two ways developers can consult end users during development.
Developers can consult end users through surveys, interviews, focus groups, or usability testing.
Gathering feedback from multiple perspectives helps uncover __________ ____________ before the innovation is released.
Gathering feedback from multiple perspectives helps uncover unintended consequences before the innovation is released.
Define pair programming.
Pair programming is a collaborative development technique where two programmers work together at one computer.
In pair programming, what does the driver do?
In pair programming, the driver writes the code.
In pair programming, what does the navigator do?
In pair programming, the navigator reviews each line of code as it is written and thinks about the overall direction.
True or False?
In pair programming, each programmer keeps the same role for the whole project.
False.
The roles are regularly swapped so both developers contribute to writing and reviewing the code.
Name two benefits of pair programming.
Benefits of pair programming include:
Errors are spotted more quickly because two people review the code in real time
Knowledge is shared between team members, improving the skills of both
It encourages discussion of different approaches, which can lead to better solutions
What is the purpose of a version control system?
A version control system allows multiple developers to work on the same codebase without overwriting each other's changes.
Name one advantage of a cloud-based development environment.
A cloud-based development environment lets team members edit and run code together in a shared online workspace without needing to install software locally.
Define effective feedback.
Effective feedback is specific, constructive, and timely.
Why should feedback be incorporated early in development?
Incorporating feedback early reduces the cost of fixing errors and improves the final product.
Feedback loops are a natural part of _________ development, where the solution is refined through repeated cycles of building, testing, and improving.
Feedback loops are a natural part of iterative development, where the solution is refined through repeated cycles of building, testing, and improving.
Name three things collaboration methods allow team members to do.
Collaboration methods allow team members to contribute their ideas, review each other's work, and build on shared progress.
Define interpersonal skills.
Interpersonal skills are the abilities that help team members work together effectively during the development process.
Define communication in a development team.
Communication is the exchange of ideas, plans, and feedback between team members.
Name two problems that poor communication in a development team can cause.
Poor communication can lead to duplicated work, missed requirements, or conflicting code.
How does active listening help a development team?
Active listening prevents misunderstandings when discussing requirements or design decisions, and shows respect for others' contributions.
How does asking clarifying questions help a development team?
Asking clarifying questions reduces errors caused by unclear specifications.
Providing regular progress updates keeps the team _______ on the current state of the program.
Providing regular progress updates keeps the team aligned on the current state of the program.
Define consensus.
Consensus is when all members of a team reach an agreement on a decision.
Why is a team that builds consensus more likely to stay motivated?
A team that builds consensus is more likely to stay motivated because each member feels their input has been valued.
True or False?
Conflict within a development team is always negative.
False.
Disagreements can lead to better solutions when they are handled constructively.
Name two effective conflict resolution strategies.
Effective conflict resolution strategies include:
Focusing on the problem, not the person
Listening to all viewpoints before making a judgment
Looking for a solution that addresses the concerns of both sides
Agreeing to test different approaches and let the results guide the decision
Define negotiation.
Negotiation is the process of reaching an agreement when team members have different preferences.
How does negotiation differ from conflict resolution?
Conflict resolution addresses disagreements, while negotiation focuses on finding a mutually acceptable outcome when resources, time, or scope are limited.
Name two effective negotiation strategies.
Effective negotiation strategies include:
Identifying what each team member values most in the project
Proposing trade-offs
Focusing on the shared goal of delivering a working program rather than individual preferences
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