A procedure is a named group of instructions that performs a specific task .

Name two benefits of using procedures .

Procedures avoid rewriting the same code multiple times and make programs easier to read and maintain .

Define procedure call .

A procedure call executes the instructions inside the procedure .

A parameter is a variable in the procedure definition that receives a value when the procedure is called.

An argument is the actual value passed into the procedure during the call.

In this code segment, which are the parameters and which are the arguments? PROCEDURE showTotal(a, b) { DISPLAY(a + b) } showTotal(4, 9)

a and b are the parameters ; 4 and 9 are the arguments .

Apart from parameters , how else can a procedure collect input?

A procedure can collect input by calling INPUT() inside its body .

Define return value .

A return value is a value that a procedure sends back to the part of the program that called it .

True or False? Every procedure returns a value.

False. Not all procedures return a value; some only perform an action, such as displaying output.

When RETURN is reached, the procedure _____ executing immediately and no further statements in it run.

When RETURN is reached, the procedure stops executing immediately and no further statements in it run.

What happens to the sequential flow of a program when a procedure is called?

Sequential flow is temporarily interrupted : the program jumps to the procedure body, executes it, then resumes at the point of the call .

What value is displayed when this code segment runs? PROCEDURE triple(n) { RETURN(n * 3) } x ← triple(2) y ← triple(x + 1) DISPLAY(y)

The code segment displays 21 : triple(2) returns 6, so x is 6, then triple(7) returns 21.

What is displayed when this code segment runs? PROCEDURE check(n) { IF(n > 10) { RETURN("big") } RETURN("small") } DISPLAY(check(15))

The code segment displays big , because 15 > 10, and the first RETURN ends the procedure before the second one is reached.

Define procedural abstraction .

Procedural abstraction is the practice of defining a named process that hides its implementation details from the rest of the program.

How does procedural abstraction help when designing a program?

A program can be subdivided into smaller modular sub-problems , each handled by a separate procedure.

What should each procedure in a modular program be responsible for?

Each procedure should perform one specific task , making the program easier to design, test, and understand.

Name three benefits of procedural abstraction .

The benefits are shared feature extraction , parameter generalization , and improved readability .

Define shared feature extraction .

Shared feature extraction is moving code that appears in multiple places into a procedure that is called wherever it is needed.

Define parameter generalization .

Parameter generalization is using parameters so a procedure can be reused with different inputs , rather than writing separate code for each case.

How do procedure names improve the readability of a program?

Procedure names describe what the code does , making the program easier to follow at a glance.

Internal change _________ means that updating a procedure's logic only needs to happen in one place, however many times it is called.

Internal change isolation means that updating a procedure's logic only needs to happen in one place, however many times it is called.

True or False? A procedure can only be tested once the whole program is complete.

False. Each procedure can be tested and debugged independently from the rest of the program.

What does the calling code need to know about a procedure?

The calling code only needs to know the procedure's name , what inputs it takes , and what it returns , not how it works internally.

AP®Computer ScienceCollege BoardComputer Science PrinciplesFlashcardsUnit 3: Algorithms and ProgrammingProcedures

Procedures (College Board AP® Computer Science Principles): Flashcards

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FrontCalling Procedures
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Cards in this collection (23)

Define procedure.
A procedure is a named group of instructions that performs a specific task.
Name two benefits of using procedures.
Procedures avoid rewriting the same code multiple times and make programs easier to read and maintain.
Define procedure call.
A procedure call executes the instructions inside the procedure.
Define parameter.
A parameter is a variable in the procedure definition that receives a value when the procedure is called.
Define argument.
An argument is the actual value passed into the procedure during the call.
In this code segment, which are the parameters and which are the arguments?
```
PROCEDURE showTotal(a, b)
```
```
{
```
```
   DISPLAY(a + b)
```
```
}
```
```
showTotal(4, 9)
```
a and b are the parameters; 4 and 9 are the arguments.
Apart from parameters, how else can a procedure collect input?
A procedure can collect input by calling INPUT() inside its body.
Define return value.
A return value is a value that a procedure sends back to the part of the program that called it.
True or False?
Every procedure returns a value.
False.
Not all procedures return a value; some only perform an action, such as displaying output.
When RETURN is reached, the procedure _____ executing immediately and no further statements in it run.
When RETURN is reached, the procedure stops executing immediately and no further statements in it run.
What happens to the sequential flow of a program when a procedure is called?
Sequential flow is temporarily interrupted: the program jumps to the procedure body, executes it, then resumes at the point of the call.
What value is displayed when this code segment runs?
```
PROCEDURE triple(n)
```
```
{
```
```
   RETURN(n * 3)
```
```
}
```
```
x ← triple(2)
```
```
y ← triple(x + 1)
```
```
DISPLAY(y)
```
The code segment displays 21: triple(2) returns 6, so x is 6, then triple(7) returns 21.
What is displayed when this code segment runs?
```
PROCEDURE check(n)
```
```
{
```
```
   IF(n > 10)
```
```
   {
```
```
      RETURN("big")
```
```
   }
```
```
   RETURN("small")
```
```
}
```
```
DISPLAY(check(15))
```
The code segment displays big, because 15 > 10, and the first RETURN ends the procedure before the second one is reached.
Define procedural abstraction.
Procedural abstraction is the practice of defining a named process that hides its implementation details from the rest of the program.
How does procedural abstraction help when designing a program?
A program can be subdivided into smaller modular sub-problems, each handled by a separate procedure.
What should each procedure in a modular program be responsible for?
Each procedure should perform one specific task, making the program easier to design, test, and understand.
Name three benefits of procedural abstraction.
The benefits are shared feature extraction, parameter generalization, and improved readability.
Define shared feature extraction.
Shared feature extraction is moving code that appears in multiple places into a procedure that is called wherever it is needed.
Define parameter generalization.
Parameter generalization is using parameters so a procedure can be reused with different inputs, rather than writing separate code for each case.
How do procedure names improve the readability of a program?
Procedure names describe what the code does, making the program easier to follow at a glance.
Internal change _________ means that updating a procedure's logic only needs to happen in one place, however many times it is called.
Internal change isolation means that updating a procedure's logic only needs to happen in one place, however many times it is called.
True or False?
A procedure can only be tested once the whole program is complete.
False.
Each procedure can be tested and debugged independently from the rest of the program.
What does the calling code need to know about a procedure?
The calling code only needs to know the procedure's name, what inputs it takes, and what it returns, not how it works internally.

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