Multiple Perspectives (College Board AP® English Language & Composition): Flashcards
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Define synthesis.
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Cards in this collection (27)
Define synthesis.
Synthesis is the process of considering, explaining and integrating ideas from multiple sources into your own argument.
What three elements combine in synthesis?
Synthesis can be understood as a combination of source ideas, relationships among sources and the writer's reasoning.
In synthesis, sources should _____ the writer's argument rather than replace it.
In synthesis, sources should enhance the writer's argument rather than replace it.
Define source.
A source is a text, image, chart, speech, study or other material from which information or ideas are drawn.
True or False?
Reporting what each of several sources says is a form of synthesis.
False.
Reporting what each source says is only summarizing the sources. Synthesis uses them to develop the writer's own argument.
What four functions can sources perform within an argument?
Sources can support a position, extend an argument, qualify a claim or challenge an idea.
Define position in synthesis.
A position is the claim or stance a source takes on an issue.
True or False?
Two sources that hold the same position must share the same perspective.
False.
Two sources may hold the same position but approach it from different perspectives, with different reasons and areas of concern.
Why must writers acknowledge borrowed words and ideas through attribution and citation?
Attribution and citation give credit to the original source, distinguish the source's ideas from the writer's own, strengthen credibility and prevent plagiarism.
Define citation.
A citation is a reference that identifies the source of quoted, paraphrased or summarized material.
A citation can identify a source in _________ at the end of a sentence.
A citation can identify a source in parentheses at the end of a sentence.
Conceptually, synthesis needs a meaningful relationship between ideas from at least how many sources?
Conceptually, synthesis needs a meaningful relationship between ideas from at least two sources.
True or False?
Quoting a source's exact words is enough to synthesize it.
False.
Quoting alone is not synthesis. Quoting reproduces a source's exact words, while synthesis combines source ideas and explains how they contribute to the writer's argument.
True or False?
In an FRQ 1 source set, a source's perspective is usually stated directly.
False.
Perspective is usually not stated directly, so a writer must infer it from what the source emphasizes.
Sources are in conversation, rather than simply placed beside one another, when the writer explains how their ideas ______.
Sources are in conversation, rather than simply placed beside one another, when the writer explains how their ideas interact.
Define support in synthesis.
To support is to reinforce a claim through relevant evidence or reasoning.
Define extend in synthesis.
To extend is to add a new implication, application or dimension to an argument.
Define challenge in synthesis.
To challenge is to question, dispute or complicate an argument or assumption.
Define perspective.
A perspective is the lens through which a source approaches an issue, shaped by its background, experience, expertise, interests or values.
True or False?
Every source in a source set represents a separate perspective.
False.
Two sources may share the same perspective, so treating every source as a separate perspective is a mistake.
Define agreement between sources.
Agreement is a relationship in which sources support a shared idea or conclusion.
Define contention between sources.
Contention is disagreement or tension between source claims, interpretations or solutions.
Define source function.
Source function is the purpose a source serves within the writer's argument.
Why is reducing a complex issue to two sides a mistake when incorporating perspectives?
Reducing an issue to two sides is a mistake because complex issues usually involve more than "for" and "against." A source may support a proposal while disagreeing about specific aspects, such as cost or timing.
Define viewpoint.
A viewpoint is a general opinion or way of understanding an issue.
How does incorporating perspectives relate to synthesis?
Incorporating perspectives is one part of synthesis. It focuses on understanding the different lenses the sources represent and explaining how their arguments relate to one another.
Define strategic selection.
Strategic selection is choosing source material because it directly advances the reasoning.
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