Impacts of Globalisation (Edexcel A Level Geography): Flashcards
Exam code: 9GE0
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Define global shift.
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Cards in this collection (36)
Define global shift.
The global shift is the relocation of industry, especially manufacturing, from developed regions to emerging and developing economies.
Define deindustrialisation.
The decline of industrial activity in a region, leading to factory closures, job losses and urban economic decline.
Define transnational corporation (TNC).
A large company that operates in multiple countries, often locating production where labour and regulation costs are lower.
How has the global shift helped reduce poverty in Asia?
The global shift created waged work and rapid economic growth, lifting millions out of absolute poverty and expanding a new global middle class.
What is one cost of the global shift for Asian cities?
Rapid urbanisation has led to unplanned settlements and high-rise overcrowding, reducing recreational space and straining services.
How can factory waste from the global shift harm health?
Polluted rivers and air from factories can damage the immune and respiratory systems, making people more susceptible to illness.
True or False?
Global shift impacts on the environment can also affect people's health.
True.
Pollution of air, water and land from industry leads to disease, poisoning and reduced wellbeing in nearby communities.
What are two key social impacts of deindustrialisation on inner cities?
Deindustrialisation often causes high unemployment and depopulation, which can increase crime and weaken community cohesion.
True or False?
Deindustrialisation can lead to dereliction in urban areas.
True.
Closed factories, abandoned services and neglected housing leave buildings derelict, damaging the urban environment and local image.
In Indonesia, around hectares of rainforest are lost each year to palm oil and mining.
In Indonesia, around 100,000 hectares of rainforest are lost each year to palm oil and mining.
In the Ivory Coast, toxic waste dumping allegedly producing caused tens of thousands of people to fall ill.
In the Ivory Coast, toxic waste dumping allegedly producing hydrogen sulphide caused tens of thousands of people to fall ill.
The global shift is driven by off-shoring, outsourcing and new business .
The global shift is driven by off-shoring, outsourcing and new business start-ups.
Define megacity.
A megacity is an urban area with a population of 10 million people or more.
What are the two main causes of megacity growth?
Megacities mainly grow due to rural-urban migration and natural increase in their populations.
True or False?
The world has entered a period of hyper-urbanisation.
True.
Since 2007, over half of the world’s population has lived in urban areas, marking hyper-urbanisation.
The main urban pull factor causing rural-urban migration is .
The main urban pull factor causing rural-urban migration is employment.
A key rural push factor is made worse by population growth and a lack of .
A key rural push factor is poverty made worse by population growth and a lack of jobs.
Name one social and one environmental challenge of rapid urban growth.
Social: insufficient affordable housing. Environmental: air pollution from industry and vehicles.
Define interdependence in the context of migration.
Interdependence is when countries rely on each other economically and socially, for example through migration, trade, and remittances.
Give two benefits of migration for the host country.
Migrants can fill skills shortages and often do labouring work, while also paying taxes and spending money in the local economy.
True or False?
Migration always increases economic growth in the source country.
False.
Source countries may suffer reduced economic growth because of a loss of working-age population and lower consumption.
Define global hub.
A global hub is a highly globally connected city, often called a world city, with strong links in finance, trade, and migration.
In high-waged international migration, migrants are highly and/or socially .
In elite international migration, migrants are highly skilled and/or socially influential.
Define cultural erosion.
The loss or weakening of traditional cultures, such as language, foods, music, clothing and values, often due to globalisation and Western influence.
Define hyper-globalisation.
A form of globalisation where a Westernised global culture rapidly spreads, leading to cultural erosion and more uniform lifestyles worldwide.
Name three aspects of culture that may be lost through cultural erosion.
Cultural erosion can lead to the loss of language, traditional foods, music, clothing and social norms and values.
Why do some people view cultural erosion negatively?
They fear ecosystems are devalued for economic growth and that languages, traditional foods and music may be lost forever.
Why can cultural erosion be viewed positively by some people?
They think a global culture can promote greater equality and help reduce discrimination against disadvantaged groups.
Many indigenous people in and Papua New Guinea are experiencing cultural erosion.
Many indigenous people in Amazonia and Papua New Guinea are experiencing cultural erosion.
Young indigenous people often move to areas like Manaus for jobs, education and healthcare.
Young indigenous people often move to urban areas like Manaus for jobs, education and healthcare.
Define opposition to globalisation.
Actions by individuals, pressure groups or governments that resist or limit aspects of globalisation due to its social, cultural, economic or environmental impacts.
How does China selectively oppose globalisation?
China blocks sites like BBC and Facebook, restricts foreign films to a quota, yet many people now celebrate Christmas.
True or False?
France uses media policy to protect its national culture.
True.
France subsidises French-language films and requires about 40% of television content to be French productions.
Define cultural diffusion.
The spread of cultural traits such as ideas, foods, language or customs from one place or group to another, often accelerated by globalisation.
What is cultural imperialism?
The forced or pressured spread of one dominant culture over others, often linked to political or economic power rather than voluntary adoption.
The spread of a Western culture is often called .
The spread of a Western culture is often called Westernisation.
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