Regeneration (Edexcel A Level Geography): Flashcards
Exam code: 9GE0
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Define perception of place.
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Cards in this collection (39)
Define perception of place.
An individual's perception of place is their personal view of an area, shaped by income, age, experiences and social and economic inequalities.
How can inequalities affect perceptions of the same city, like London?
Wealthier residents may see London as exciting with opportunities, while poorer or older people may feel trapped, excluded or overwhelmed by high costs and fast pace.
A successful place can enter a of growth shown by the causation model.
A successful place can enter a spiral of growth shown by the cumulative causation model.
Give two characteristics of successful regions such as Silicon Valley.
They have high employment and high inward migration, with higher incomes and low multiple deprivation attracting further people and investment.
True or False?
Successful places never experience negative impacts like congestion or skills shortages.
False.
Successful places often suffer high property prices, congestion and skills shortages, especially in essential jobs such as teachers and healthcare workers.
Define multiplier effect in a successful place.
The multiplier effect is when initial investment or jobs create further employment, services and income, reinforcing growth in the local economy.
What is meant by a spiral of decline (negative multiplier effect)?
A spiral of decline is when job losses and business closures trigger further unemployment, out-migration and service decline, deepening deprivation.
Urban spirals of decline often follow when factories close, while rural decline often follows job losses in the .
Urban spirals of decline often follow deindustrialisation when factories close, while rural decline often follows job losses in the primary sector.
Describe one economic impact of Rust Belt deindustrialisation on cities like Detroit.
Rust Belt deindustrialisation caused mass unemployment, population loss and falling tax revenues, leaving limited funds for services and regeneration.
True or False?
Economic decline often leads to social problems such as crime and drug use.
True.
Economic decline reduces investment in services, increases unemployment, and is linked to depression, drug use and higher crime and anti-social behaviour.
Define regeneration.
Regeneration is planned economic, social and environmental improvements aimed at reversing a spiral of decline and reducing inequalities in an area.
High-priority urban regeneration areas often contain groups, high levels and residents trapped in a spiral of decline.
High-priority urban regeneration areas often contain low-income groups, high crime levels and residents trapped in a spiral of decline.
Why might accessible rural commuter villages be a low priority for regeneration?
They usually have wealthy, economically active populations, good transport links and low deprivation, although rising house prices can exclude lower-paid local people.
Define community engagement.
The level of participation and involvement local people have in decisions and activities affecting their area.
Define social inequality.
Unequal access to income, services and opportunities between different social groups within a community or place.
Define lived experience.
An individual’s personal experience of living in a place, shaping their perceptions, attachment and sense of belonging.
How can community engagement be measured?
By election turnout, numbers of community activities, and levels of support for local community groups.
Why do deprived areas often have lower election turnout?
People may feel powerless, lack belonging, face language barriers, or work in low-paid, insecure jobs, reducing motivation to vote.
How can regeneration create conflict within communities?
Different groups have contrasting views due to varied lived experiences, leading to disagreement over who benefits and how the area should change.
True or False?
Low-income groups are usually more politically engaged than high-income groups.
False.
Low-income groups are less likely to vote, so politicians often focus on richer groups, deepening inequality in regeneration decisions.
Why can top-down regeneration reduce community engagement?
It may erase local character, give few benefits to existing residents, and impose ideas copied from other places.
How does globalisation affect young people’s lived experience?
Wider cultural influences from social media, music, food and fashion can make young people feel more like global citizens than local residents.
True or False?
Areas needing regeneration usually have the highest election turnout.
False.
Areas most in need of regeneration often have poorer turnout, especially among young, urban and low-income groups.
People engage with places through local action groups and supported groups.
People engage with places through local community action groups and supported community groups.
After regeneration, low-income groups may be unable to in the area due to rising .
After regeneration, low-income groups may be unable to live in the area due to rising costs.
of residence and of deprivation both strongly influence lived experience.
Length of residence and level of deprivation both strongly influence lived experience.
Define statistical evidence in the context of regeneration.
Statistical evidence is quantitative data (for example census, IMD, Labour Force Survey) used to measure and compare social, economic and environmental conditions in places.
Define media evidence.
Media evidence is information about places from television, films, blogs, news and social media, shaping perceptions but often subjective and potentially biased.
Define place representation.
Place representation is how a location is portrayed by sources such as media, estate agents or local authorities, influencing perceptions and views on regeneration.
What three types of criteria show the need for regeneration?
The criteria are social, economic and environmental indicators, such as health, employment, income, dereliction and access to services.
How do local authorities use census data for regeneration?
They analyse population and demographic patterns to identify who lives where, target services, and decide which areas may need regeneration.
What is the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) used for?
The IMD identifies small areas with high levels of deprivation, helping decision-makers prioritise places most in need of regeneration.
True or False?
Media evidence about places is always accurate and objective.
False.
Media evidence is often subjective, shaped by storylines or agendas, and can exaggerate problems or overstate positives, misrepresenting regeneration needs.
How can estate agents influence perceptions of regeneration need?
Estate agents tend to highlight positive features and downplay problems, making an area seem more attractive and less in need of regeneration.
Why can documentaries and YouTube clips give a misleading view of places?
They may use few interviews or images, focus on vocal minorities, and present partial stories, so they might not represent the wider community.
The Labour Force Survey provides data on average and types of done by local people.
The Labour Force Survey provides data on average income and types of work done by local people.
Media portrayals can an area, risking of local people.
Media portrayals can stigmatise an area, risking stereotyping of local people.
Different representations of places can influence whether people think is needed.
Different representations of places can influence whether people think regeneration is needed.
Why is it difficult to assess regeneration need using statistics alone?
Statistics can become quickly outdated and do not capture feelings, identities or local experiences, so they may miss pockets of deprivation or satisfaction.
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