Management of Regeneration (Edexcel A Level Geography): Flashcards
Exam code: 9GE0
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Define planning laws in the UK.
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Define planning laws in the UK.
Planning laws are government rules controlling how land is used and developed, shaping the location, rate and type of regeneration.
How can UK planning laws slow local regeneration?
National planning priorities can override local interests, delaying projects and restricting development in areas like green belts and conservation areas.
The UK government often prioritises needs over needs, which can widen .
The UK government often prioritises national needs over local needs, which can widen regional inequalities.
What is green belt land and its main purpose?
Green belt land is undeveloped land around urban areas with strict planning controls to prevent urban sprawl and limit new building.
In Reading, local approval of new homes on a former golf course is an example of .
In Reading, local approval of new homes on a former golf course is an example of planning gain.
Why has the UK set house building targets?
Targets aim to reduce the shortage of affordable housing caused by demographic change, immigration and past Right to Buy council house sales.
The Union Village scheme in Middlesbrough built 145 homes under the Homes .
The Union Village scheme in Middlesbrough built 145 homes under the Affordable Homes Programme.
What is meant by an open door migration policy?
A policy allowing relatively easy entry for migrants, to manage labour supply and skills.
True or False?
High net migration always benefits regeneration.
False.
Migration can boost GDP and taxes, but can also strain housing and services and create social tensions in already deprived areas.
Define the Big Bang (1986) in UK finance.
The Big Bang was the deregulation of UK financial markets, allowing foreign firms into London and transforming it into a global financial centre.
After deregulation, banking, finance and business services produced almost of UK GDP by 2015.
After deregulation, banking, finance and business services produced almost 30% of UK GDP by 2015.
Why do governments invest in infrastructure for regeneration?
Infrastructure improves accessibility, attracts businesses and investment, creates jobs and can trigger a positive multiplier effect in regions.
True or False?
Most major UK regeneration projects are solely publicly funded.
False.
Most large schemes are public-private partnerships, where private firms design, build or finance projects in return for profit shares.
HS2 is a new rail line linking London and , expected to create jobs.
HS2 is a new high-speed rail line linking London and Birmingham, expected to create 22,000 jobs.
Define positive multiplier effect in regeneration.
A process where initial investment creates jobs and income, which increases spending, attracting further investment and generating more growth in an area.
Define local interest group in regeneration.
A local interest group is an organised body representing community, business or workers’ views, seeking to influence regeneration planning and decision-making.
What is the role of Chambers of Commerce in regeneration?
They try to persuade governments to invest in infrastructure, education and skills training to support business growth and local regeneration.
What is the role of local preservation societies in regeneration?
They aim to protect local heritage, environment and community character, ensuring regeneration does not create negative local consequences.
What is the role of trade unions in regeneration projects?
They work to ensure workers’ rights, pay and working conditions are considered in regeneration plans and new employment opportunities.
True or False?
All local interest groups share the same aims in regeneration.
False.
Different groups, such as businesses, preservation societies and trade unions, often have conflicting aims over change versus preservation.
The London 2012 Olympic Park was mainly built on acres of neglected brownfield land.
The London 2012 Olympic Park was mainly built on 560 acres of neglected brownfield land.
Regeneration for the London Olympics boosted the UK economy by billion.
Regeneration for the London Olympics boosted the UK economy by £9.9 billion.
Define enterprise zone.
An enterprise zone is a designated area where local government offers tax breaks, rate discounts and planning relaxations to attract businesses.
How do local governments attract inward investment for regeneration?
They create attractive business environments, develop science parks or enterprise zones, and offer incentives like tax relief and superfast broadband.
True or False?
Science parks only benefit high-tech firms, not local communities.
False.
Science parks also create local jobs and support services such as cafes, shops and accommodation, spreading benefits through the local economy.
Thames Valley Science Park is next to the motorway, giving access to London and Heathrow.
Thames Valley Science Park is next to the M4 motorway, giving access to London and Heathrow.
Define retail-led regeneration.
Retail-led regeneration uses new or improved shopping centres and leisure facilities to create jobs, increase local spending and revive declining areas.
Define rural diversification.
Rural diversification is when farms or rural businesses develop new income sources, such as holiday lets, renewable energy or property letting.
How can tourism support regeneration in rural or urban areas?
It brings visitor spending, creates jobs, promotes cultural heritage and can improve infrastructure and the image of a place.
Between 2011 and 2013, Powys Regeneration Partnership grants of over helped 310 projects.
Between 2011 and 2013, Powys Regeneration Partnership grants of over £4 million helped 310 projects.
Define rebranding.
Using re-imaging, marketing and physical change to give a place a new identity, reduce negative perceptions and attract investment, residents and visitors.
Why is it harder to rebrand deindustrialised cities?
They often have derelict land, disused factories and job losses, which create negative perceptions that must be overcome through regeneration and re-imaging.
How can industrial heritage be used in rebranding?
By creating museums, heritage trails and public artworks, highlighting past industries to build a distinctive identity and attract tourists and investment.
Old warehouses can be converted into , shops, restaurants and office space during rebranding.
Old warehouses can be converted into apartments, shops, restaurants and office space during rebranding.
What were two main aims of Glasgow: Scotland with Style?
To attract more tourists on short breaks and increase business conferences and events, boosting the city’s service-based economy.
True or False?
Re-imaging alone can regenerate a deindustrialised city without physical changes.
False.
Successful regeneration needs re-imaging and physical investment, such as new buildings, infrastructure and facilities, so the promoted image matches reality.
Define re-imaging.
Changing the public perception of a place using media, events, art, logos and slogans to create a more positive, attractive image.
Give two ways media is used in re-imaging places.
Through positive news stories and advertising campaigns using logos and slogans in newspapers, online and other media to promote a new image.
The slogan for Middlesbrough’s regeneration is Middlesbrough Forward.
The slogan for Middlesbrough’s regeneration is Moving Middlesbrough Forward.
What is farm diversification in rural rebranding?
When farms develop new income sources, such as campsites, farm shops or specialised products, reducing reliance on traditional agriculture and forestry.
Why has rural rebranding often benefitted accessible more than remote areas?
Accessible areas are closer to towns and cities, giving a larger visitor market, better transport links and more scope for overnight stays and diversification.
Kielder attracts tourists for its large forest, reservoir, Dark Skies observatory and events like and .
Kielder attracts tourists for its large forest, reservoir, Dark Skies observatory and events like Wild at Kielder Festival and KielderFest.
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