Development is the improvement of a country\'s economic , social and political conditions, raising people\'s quality of life .

How has globalisation affected the development gap ?

As globalisation has increased, the development gap has widened because richer regions have grown incomes faster than the poorest countries, especially in Africa.

Define Gini Coefficient .

The Gini Coefficient measures income inequality in a country on a scale from 0 (perfect equality) to 100 (one person has all income).

True or False? A higher Gini Coefficient means more equal income distribution.

False. A higher Gini Coefficient shows greater income inequality , while a lower value shows incomes are more evenly shared.

What has happened to absolute poverty since the Millennium Development Goals ?

Global absolute poverty has fallen since the Millennium Development Goals were introduced in 2000, although poverty still exists in many countries.

Many low-income countries have progressed to income, creating developed, emerging and developing economies.

Many low-income countries have progressed to middle income, creating developed, emerging and developing economies.

Define Gross Domestic Product (GDP) .

GDP is the total financial value of all goods and services produced within a country in one year.

Define Gross National Income (GNI) .

GNI is the total income earned by a country\'s people and businesses , including income from abroad, in one year.

What is a composite indicator of development?

A composite indicator combines two or more measures to assess development, for example HDI or GII .

The Human Development Index (HDI) uses , , and to rank countries.

The Human Development Index (HDI) uses life expectancy , income , and education to rank countries.

True or False? The Gender Inequality Index (GII) uses 0 for worst and 1 for best equality.

False. The GII ranges from 0 to 1 , but higher values show greater gender inequality , not better equality.

How has GDP per capita changed globally since 1820?

All regions have seen rising GDP per capita since 1820, but Africa, Asia and Latin America have grown much slower than Western Europe and the USA .

Define resource nationalism .

Government policies giving domestic industries and consumers priority access to a country\'s natural resources , often by increasing control over foreign companies .

How did Hugo Chávez show resource nationalism in Venezuela?

He increased state control over Venezuela\'s oil industry , including taking control of ExxonMobil\'s operations to keep more benefits within the country.

The in Canada oppose global companies exploiting oil resources in their region.

The First Nations in Canada oppose global companies exploiting oil resources in their region.

What are open borders in the context of globalisation?

Open borders allow relatively free movement of people between countries, encouraging international migration and the growth of migrant diasporas .

True or False? Deregulation can increase international migration.

True. Reducing regulation and red tape for businesses encourages FDI and TNCs , which can lead to more workers moving abroad .

International migration has created culturally mixed societies and thriving migrant .

International migration has created culturally mixed societies and thriving migrant diasporas .

Give two social tensions that can arise from increased immigration.

Tensions may arise from pressure on services like housing and schools, and from perceived discrimination or the rise of extremist nationalist groups .

Define censorship in relation to globalisation.

Government control or restriction of access to information , especially online content , to limit the spread of foreign or critical ideas .

How does Australia limit immigration through policy?

Australia uses a points-based immigration system to select migrants who meet the country\'s economic and skills needs , limiting other immigration.

In 2005, the banned cheap Chinese textiles to protect its manufacturers.

In 2005, the EU banned cheap Chinese textiles to protect its manufacturers.

Define local sourcing .

Buying goods and food produced close to where they are consumed , often to support local farmers and reduce transport-related emissions .

How can local sourcing reduce a consumer's carbon footprint ?

Local sourcing cuts food miles , so fewer transport emissions are produced, helping reduce an individual’s overall carbon footprint .

Local sourcing of meat and vegetables is often for consumers.

Local sourcing of meat and vegetables is often more expensive for consumers.

Reduced UK demand for imported food can slow growth in some developing countries.

Reduced UK demand for imported food can slow economic growth in some developing countries.

True or False? Locally grown winter tomatoes in heated UK greenhouses always have a lower carbon footprint than Spanish imports.

False. Heating UK greenhouses can use lots of energy , sometimes giving local tomatoes a higher carbon footprint than importing from warmer countries.

Define ethical consumption .

Buying products based on ethical criteria , such as fair wages , safe working conditions , and environmental sustainability , rather than just low price.

A certification scheme guaranteeing minimum prices and often a premium to producers, aiming to improve farmer incomes and working conditions .

Fairtrade goods usually cost because they guarantee higher incomes to farmers.

Fairtrade goods usually cost more because they guarantee higher incomes to farmers.

Why is supply chain monitoring difficult for large TNCs ?

TNCs have thousands of suppliers , so checking working conditions throughout all factories, especially suppliers’ suppliers, is very challenging.

True or False? NGOs can raise awareness of worker exploitation but often have limited resources.

True. NGOs highlight ethical issues , yet their limited funding restricts how widely and deeply they can act.

The process of reusing materials from waste products to reduce landfill and slow the use of new natural resources , though it still uses energy and water .

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Consequences of Globalisation (Edexcel A Level Geography): Flashcards

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Cards in this collection (33)

Define development.
Development is the improvement of a country\'s economic, social and political conditions, raising people\'s quality of life.
How has globalisation affected the development gap?
As globalisation has increased, the development gap has widened because richer regions have grown incomes faster than the poorest countries, especially in Africa.
Define Gini Coefficient.
The Gini Coefficient measures income inequality in a country on a scale from 0 (perfect equality) to 100 (one person has all income).
True or False?
A higher Gini Coefficient means more equal income distribution.
False.
A higher Gini Coefficient shows greater income inequality, while a lower value shows incomes are more evenly shared.
What has happened to absolute poverty since the Millennium Development Goals?
Global absolute poverty has fallen since the Millennium Development Goals were introduced in 2000, although poverty still exists in many countries.
Many low-income countries have progressed to income, creating developed, emerging and developing economies.
Many low-income countries have progressed to middle income, creating developed, emerging and developing economies.
Define Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
GDP is the total financial value of all goods and services produced within a country in one year.
Define Gross National Income (GNI).
GNI is the total income earned by a country\'s people and businesses, including income from abroad, in one year.
What is a composite indicator of development?
A composite indicator combines two or more measures to assess development, for example HDI or GII.
The Human Development Index (HDI) uses , , and to rank countries.
The Human Development Index (HDI) uses life expectancy, income, and education to rank countries.
True or False?
The Gender Inequality Index (GII) uses 0 for worst and 1 for best equality.
False.
The GII ranges from 0 to 1, but higher values show greater gender inequality, not better equality.
How has GDP per capita changed globally since 1820?
All regions have seen rising GDP per capita since 1820, but Africa, Asia and Latin America have grown much slower than Western Europe and the USA.
Define resource nationalism.
Government policies giving domestic industries and consumers priority access to a country\'s natural resources, often by increasing control over foreign companies.
How did Hugo Chávez show resource nationalism in Venezuela?
He increased state control over Venezuela\'s oil industry, including taking control of ExxonMobil\'s operations to keep more benefits within the country.
The in Canada oppose global companies exploiting oil resources in their region.
The First Nations in Canada oppose global companies exploiting oil resources in their region.
What are open borders in the context of globalisation?
Open borders allow relatively free movement of people between countries, encouraging international migration and the growth of migrant diasporas.
True or False?
Deregulation can increase international migration.
True.
Reducing regulation and red tape for businesses encourages FDI and TNCs, which can lead to more workers moving abroad.
International migration has created culturally mixed societies and thriving migrant .
International migration has created culturally mixed societies and thriving migrant diasporas.
Give two social tensions that can arise from increased immigration.
Tensions may arise from pressure on services like housing and schools, and from perceived discrimination or the rise of extremist nationalist groups.
Define censorship in relation to globalisation.
Government control or restriction of access to information, especially online content, to limit the spread of foreign or critical ideas.
How does Australia limit immigration through policy?
Australia uses a points-based immigration system to select migrants who meet the country\'s economic and skills needs, limiting other immigration.
In 2005, the banned cheap Chinese textiles to protect its manufacturers.
In 2005, the EU banned cheap Chinese textiles to protect its manufacturers.
Define local sourcing.
Buying goods and food produced close to where they are consumed, often to support local farmers and reduce transport-related emissions.
How can local sourcing reduce a consumer's carbon footprint?
Local sourcing cuts food miles, so fewer transport emissions are produced, helping reduce an individual’s overall carbon footprint.
Local sourcing of meat and vegetables is often for consumers.
Local sourcing of meat and vegetables is often more expensive for consumers.
Reduced UK demand for imported food can slow growth in some developing countries.
Reduced UK demand for imported food can slow economic growth in some developing countries.
True or False?
Locally grown winter tomatoes in heated UK greenhouses always have a lower carbon footprint than Spanish imports.
False.
Heating UK greenhouses can use lots of energy, sometimes giving local tomatoes a higher carbon footprint than importing from warmer countries.
Define ethical consumption.
Buying products based on ethical criteria, such as fair wages, safe working conditions, and environmental sustainability, rather than just low price.
Define Fairtrade.
A certification scheme guaranteeing minimum prices and often a premium to producers, aiming to improve farmer incomes and working conditions.
Fairtrade goods usually cost because they guarantee higher incomes to farmers.
Fairtrade goods usually cost more because they guarantee higher incomes to farmers.
Why is supply chain monitoring difficult for large TNCs?
TNCs have thousands of suppliers, so checking working conditions throughout all factories, especially suppliers’ suppliers, is very challenging.
True or False?
NGOs can raise awareness of worker exploitation but often have limited resources.
True.
NGOs highlight ethical issues, yet their limited funding restricts how widely and deeply they can act.
Define recycling.
The process of reusing materials from waste products to reduce landfill and slow the use of new natural resources, though it still uses energy and water.

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