Problem & Solution Essays: Model Answers (British Council Academic IELTS: Writing): Study Material

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Air pollution is an increasingly serious problem in many parts of the world. What are the reasons for this and how might it be solved?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words

In many societies, air quality has deteriorated to alarming levels, posing a significant threat to public health and the environment. This essay will argue that the primary causes of this phenomenon are industrial expansion and vehicular emissions, and propose that government regulation and green technology are the most effective solutions.

The increase in air pollution is driven by rapid industrialisation and the sheer volume of traffic on our roads. To sustain economic growth, many nations still rely heavily on factories that burn fossil fuels, releasing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and particulate matter into the atmosphere. Simultaneously, as urban populations grow, the demand for private transport has surged. The reliance on internal combustion engines means that cities are frequently shrouded in exhaust fumes, which trap heat and toxins at ground level.

Addressing this crisis requires a multi-faceted approach involving both legislative action and technological innovation. Firstly, governments must implement stricter emission standards for industries and provide subsidies for companies that transition to renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind power. Secondly, the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) and the expansion of efficient public transport networks can drastically reduce the number of high-emission cars on the road. For instance, cities like Oslo have successfully reduced pollution by offering tax incentives for EV owners and investing in electric buses.

In conclusion, while industrial activities and transport are the main causes of declining air quality, the problem is not insurmountable. Through a combination of rigorous environmental policies and a global shift toward sustainable energy, we can mitigate the effects of air pollution and ensure a healthier future for future generations.

(268 words)

This is a good answer because:

• It fully addresses both reasons and solutions in a balanced way

• The ideas are relevant and supported with examples

• Each paragraph has a topic sentence and a main idea

• It has a wide range of topic-specific vocabulary (such as “renewable energy” and “legislative action”) without repetition

• It uses complex structures accurately (such as "The reliance on... means that..." and "While industrial activities... the problem is not..."