Study Figure 2a

Figure 2a
Relative global ice volume over the last 450000 years
Explain the role of Milankovitch cycles in causing variations in the relative global ice volume.
(6)
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Exam code: 9GE0
Study Figure 2a

Figure 2a
Relative global ice volume over the last 450000 years
Explain the role of Milankovitch cycles in causing variations in the relative global ice volume.
(6)
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Study Figure 2b in the Resource Booklet.

Figure 2b
The distribution of permafrost and mean annual air temperature across Canada
Explain the role of mean annual air temperature in influencing the distribution of permafrost across Canada.
(6)
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Explain the role of glacial and periglacial landscapes in the maintenance of the water cycle.
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Study Figure 2b.

Explain the role of feedback in changing the size of ice sheets and sea ice.
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Explain the role of melting and refreezing cycles in forming distinctive periglacial landforms.
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Study Figure 1.

Explain how the periglacial landform shown was formed.
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Study Figure 1.

Explain how the event shown can cause short-term climate change.
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Study Figure 1.

Explain how the orbital changes shown can cause long-term climate change.
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Evaluate the view that frost action is the most important process shaping periglacial landscapes.
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Evaluate the view that positive feedback mechanisms are the most important factor controlling the scale of climate change.
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Evaluate the view that astronomical processes are the most important cause of long-term climate change.
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