Population Dynamics (College Board AP® Human Geography): Flashcards
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Define crude birth rate (CBR).
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Cards in this collection (18)
Define crude birth rate (CBR).
The crude birth rate (CBR) is the number of live births per one thousand people in the population.
Define crude death rate (CDR).
The crude death rate (CDR) is the number of deaths per one thousand people in the population.
Define total fertility rate (TFR).
The total fertility rate (TFR) is the average number of children a woman is expected to have during her childbearing years (ages 15–49).
Define infant mortality rate (IMR).
The infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of children who die during their first year per one thousand live births in a country.
Define doubling time.
Doubling time refers to the amount of time it takes for a population to double in size.
Define life expectancy.
Life expectancy is the average number of years an individual is expected to live.
Define rate of natural increase (RNI).
The rate of natural increase (RNI), also known as the natural increase rate, is the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate divided by 10.
What does a positive versus a negative rate of natural increase mean?
A positive RNI means a population is growing, while a negative RNI means a population is shrinking.
True or False?
The rate of natural increase takes account of immigration and emigration.
False.
The rate of natural increase does not take account of immigration or emigration.
Why is the total fertility rate a better indicator of social norms than the crude birth rate?
While the crude birth rate indicates population change, the total fertility rate is a better indicator of social norms, reflecting whether women take on traditional roles or pursue education and work.
What do high infant mortality rates imply about a country?
High infant mortality rates imply that a country has lower levels of development, less access to health care, and fewer government services such as water and electricity.
The shorter the doubling time, the the rate of population growth.
The shorter the doubling time, the faster the rate of population growth.
What does a high total fertility rate suggest about women's roles in a country?
If a country has a high TFR, women are less likely to work outside the home and more likely to take on traditional roles.
Which factors have resulted in lower mortality rates and higher life expectancies?
Lower mortality rates and higher life expectancies have resulted from increased food production, better medical care, and advances in sanitation systems.
What are the four categories of factors affecting fertility, mortality, and migration?
The four categories of factors are social, cultural, political, and economic.
What demographic rates does higher economic development tend to correlate with?
Higher economic development tends to correlate with lower fertility rates, lower crude birth rates, lower crude death rates, and longer life expectancies.
How does the number of women in the workforce affect fertility?
The more women in the workforce, the lower the fertility rate tends to be.
In what ways can governments influence population trends?
Governments can influence population trends through policies that limit or encourage children, funding healthcare, and encouraging or discouraging immigration.
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