Origin and Influence of Urbanization (College Board AP® Human Geography): Flashcards
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- FrontGrowth of Cities
Define site.
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Cards in this collection (63)
Define site.
The site of a city is its actual physical location, describing physical characteristics such as topography, water availability, natural resources, and climate.
Define situation.
The situation of a city is its location in relation to other cities and transportation routes, focusing on the connections between locations.
True or False?
Situation describes a city's physical characteristics, such as its topography and climate.
False.
Site describes a city's physical characteristics; situation refers to its location in relation to other cities and transportation routes.
Why do cities often develop near rivers, lakes, or coasts?
Cities often develop near rivers, lakes, or coasts to support trade and transportation.
How can topography affect a city's growth?
Flat land or fertile soil often facilitates city growth, while mountainous terrain can limit expansion.
How can proximity to natural resources affect urban development?
Being close to resources like minerals, forests, or arable land can encourage urban development.
Mild often attract larger populations.
Mild climates often attract larger populations.
On which river is New York City located?
New York City is located on the Hudson River, near the Atlantic Ocean.
What does a city's situation focus on?
A city's situation focuses on the connections between locations.
Name three key factors of a city's situation.
Three key factors of situation are proximity to transportation routes, regional and global connectivity, and economic and political influence.
Why do cities with access to roads, railroads, and ports often grow faster?
Cities with access to roads, railroads, and ports often grow faster due to the easier movement of goods and people.
Define natural increase.
In cities, natural increase is population growth that occurs when birth rates exceed death rates.
Define internal migration.
Internal migration is migration from rural to urban areas within a country.
Define pull factors.
Pull factors are the attractive features of urban areas that draw people to towns and cities.
What usually causes natural increase in urban areas?
Urban natural increase usually results from increased healthcare, better sanitation, and improved living conditions.
How does international migration differ from internal migration?
International migration is immigration from other countries, while internal migration occurs from rural to urban areas within a country.
Give two push factors that drive migration to urban areas.
Two push factors from rural areas are poverty and unemployment.
True or False?
LDCs are mainly characterized by suburbanization, while MDCs experience rapid urbanization.
False.
LDCs experience rapid urbanization, while MDCs are often characterized by increases in suburbanization.
How do railroads, highways, and public transit affect cities?
The development of railroads, highways, and public transit allows cities to expand and grow larger.
How can increased transportation options lead to urban sprawl?
With more transportation options, people can live further from where they work and shop, leading to the development of suburbs and urban sprawl.
Advances in telecommunications and the internet lead to the growth of cities, such as New York and Tokyo.
Advances in telecommunications and the internet lead to the growth of world cities, such as New York and Tokyo.
What is a main cause of urbanization and urban population growth?
Economic development is a main cause of urbanization and urban population growth.
As a result of industrialization, why do migrants move to urban areas?
As a result of industrialization, migrants move from rural to urban areas in search of jobs.
Name three aspects of cities that government policies influence.
Government policies influence infrastructure development, housing availability, and the spatial organization of cities.
How can governments attract people and businesses to cities?
Governments can attract people and businesses by building schools and entertainment options and offering financial incentives such as tax breaks.
Define megacity.
A megacity is a city with 10 million inhabitants or more.
Define metacity.
A metacity is a city with 20 million inhabitants or more.
Give two examples of megacities.
Examples of megacities include Cairo, Mumbai, Beijing, Dhaka, and Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto.
Give two examples of metacities.
Examples of metacities include Tokyo, Delhi, Shanghai, São Paulo, and Mexico City.
Name three factors driving the growth of megacities.
The growth of megacities is driven by rapid industrialization, urbanization, and globalization.
True or False?
Most megacities and metacities are located in more developed countries.
False.
The majority of megacities and metacities are located in LDCs, particularly in the global periphery and semi-periphery.
In LDCs, what three features often characterize megacities?
In LDCs, megacities are often characterized by informal housing (slums), inadequate infrastructure, and economic inequality.
Why do megacities in LDCs face these challenges?
These challenges arise because rapid urbanization causes population growth to occur faster than infrastructure and government services can accommodate.
What do extremely high population densities strain in megacities?
Extremely high population densities strain housing, transportation, and resources, as well as government services like sanitation, electricity, and water.
Rural-to-urban migration, or , increases urban populations as people move to cities.
Rural-to-urban migration, or urbanization, increases urban populations as people move to cities.
How does economic globalization drive megacity growth?
Economic globalization creates opportunities and demand for labor in urban areas.
Define urban sprawl.
Urban sprawl is the tendency of cities to grow consistently outward into the surrounding rural areas.
Define suburbanization.
Suburbanization is the population shift of upper- and middle-class people away from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts.
Define edge city.
An edge city is an economic center on the fringe of a city, characterized by extensive amounts of office and retail space.
Define exurb.
Exurbs are prosperous residential areas beyond the suburbs, with homes significantly larger and more expensive than in the city or immediate suburbs.
Define boomburb.
Boomburbs are rapidly growing suburban cities with more than 100,000 residents that are not the largest cities in their metropolitan areas.
What forms of settlement result from urban sprawl?
Suburbs, edge cities, exurbs, and boomburbs all result from urban sprawl.
What characterizes suburbs?
Suburbs are characterized by lower population densities and an increase in single-family homes.
Where are edge cities typically located?
Edge cities are typically located along a major road, usually a ring road that surrounds the main city's CBD.
Urban sprawl results from the unrestricted growth of housing, commercial development, and corridors.
Urban sprawl results from the unrestricted growth of housing, commercial development, and transportation corridors.
True or False?
Boomburbs are the largest cities in their metropolitan areas.
False.
Boomburbs have more than 100,000 residents but are not the largest cities in their metropolitan areas.
Where are most fast-growing cities located?
Most fast-growing cities are in developing countries.
Name three challenges that many fast-growing cities face.
Many fast-growing cities face overcrowding, pollution, and poverty.
Why does rapid urban growth in LDCs lead to poverty and inequality?
In less developed countries, population growth outmatches economic growth, leading to poverty and inequality.
Which public services can be strained by high population density?
High population density can overwhelm housing, transportation, and public services such as sanitation, water, and electricity.
Define world city.
A world city (or global city) is a city that serves as a hub for global culture, economics, and politics.
Give two examples of world cities.
Examples of world cities include London, Tokyo, Paris, and New York City.
What are world cities often home to?
World cities are often home to multinational corporations, important stock exchanges, and many finance companies.
Why do world cities often have more in common with one another than with their own countries?
Due to the effects of globalization, world cities often have more in common with one another than with other areas in their own countries.
Where do world cities sit in the urban hierarchy?
World cities function at the top of the urban hierarchy.
World cities act as nodes for what?
World cities are nodes for international trade, finance, and commerce.
Multinational corporations tend to locate their in world cities.
Multinational corporations tend to locate their headquarters in world cities.
Which companies are examples of those with headquarters in New York?
Companies such as Time Warner, Pfizer, and HBO have headquarters in New York.
How are world cities connected to one another?
World cities are connected by strong transportation and communication networks, such as well-served airports and high-speed internet.
Define the gravity model.
The gravity model predicts the degree of interaction and probability of movement between two places based on their size and the distance between them.
On which two factors is the gravity model based?
The gravity model is based on the size of the places and the distance between them.
According to the gravity model, which locations exert a stronger pull?
According to the gravity model, large locations exert a stronger pull than small ones.
True or False?
According to the gravity model, two large cities far apart will have little interaction.
False.
Two large locations, such as London and Tokyo, will have significant interaction even if they are further apart.
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