People Management (AQA A Level Business): Flashcards
Exam code: 7132
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- FrontForms of Employment
How many hours per week does full-time employment usually involve in the UK?
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Cards in this collection (28)
How many hours per week does full-time employment usually involve in the UK?
In the UK, full-time employment usually involves 35 hours or more per week.
What are the disadvantages of full-time contracts for an employer?
Full-time contracts bring higher fixed wage costs. They also give less flexibility to reduce staffing costs quickly when demand falls.
True or False?
Part-time employees always receive the same benefits package as full-time employees.
False.
Part-time employees may receive a reduced benefits package, proportional to the hours they work.
Define permanent employment.
Permanent employment is a contract with no fixed end date.
Define temporary employment.
Temporary employment is a contract with a defined end date, for a specific period, project or season.
Why might an employer choose temporary contracts?
Temporary contracts let the business scale its workforce up or down in response to demand. They are useful for covering peak periods, such as seasonal demand or staff absences.
Define zero-hours contract.
A zero-hours contract is an arrangement where an employee agrees to be available for work as and when the business requires, with no guaranteed minimum number of hours.
True or False?
UK employers cannot stop zero-hours workers from also working for other employers.
True.
UK employers cannot offer zero-hours contracts that prevent employees from working for other employers.
Why might a business hire a freelancer rather than a permanent worker?
A freelancer gives access to specialist skills without the cost of a permanent worker. The business only pays for work completed, with no ongoing salary or benefits commitment.
Define flexible working.
Flexible working refers to arrangements that give employees a degree of choice over when, where or how they work.
Define flexitime.
Flexitime allows employees to choose when they work, outside a set period of core hours when all staff must be present.
________ involves working different hours at different times, usually on a rota system.
Shift work involves working different hours at different times, usually on a rota system.
Define job sharing.
Job sharing is where two or more employees share a single full-time role, with pay, benefits and leave allocated proportionally.
What are the advantages of remote working for an employer?
Smaller or fewer premises may be needed, reducing costs. High-quality workers can be recruited from a wider geographic area, and some are more productive away from office distractions.
Why do businesses collect and analyse HR data?
HR data helps managers make informed decisions. It is used to identify problems, plan ahead, improve performance and control costs.
How is employee engagement commonly measured?
Employee engagement is commonly measured through employee surveys and exit interviews.
Define employee representation.
Employee representation measures the degree to which different groups of employees have a voice in workplace decisions.
Define presenteeism.
Presenteeism is being at work but not fully productive, and it is one cost of poor employee well-being.
True or False?
Setting more demanding KPIs always improves employee performance.
False.
Poorly designed KPIs can drive the wrong behaviours or demoralise staff if targets are unachievable. KPIs must be realistic, clearly defined and regularly reviewed.
How is employee productivity calculated?
Employee productivity is calculated using this formula:
Employee productivity = Output over a time period ÷ Number of employees
How is employee cost per unit calculated?
Employee cost per unit is calculated using this formula:
Employee cost per unit = Total wages ÷ Number of units produced
How is sales per employee calculated?
Sales per employee is calculated using this formula:
Sales per employee = Total sales revenue ÷ Number of employees
A falling sales per employee figure may indicate __________, declining sales or poor employee performance.
A falling sales per employee figure may indicate overstaffing, declining sales or poor employee performance.
Define employee turnover.
Employee turnover measures the proportion of employees leaving a business during a specific time period.
Employee turnover = Number of staff leaving ÷ Average number of staff × 100
True or False?
A rising employee turnover rate can only be caused by internal HR problems.
False.
External factors can also raise employee turnover, such as a buoyant local economy or improved transport links that widen where workers can look for jobs.
What opportunities can high employee turnover create?
New recruits can bring new ideas and creativity to the business. Workers with existing skills can be recruited, reducing the need for training.
Define employee costs as a percentage of revenue.
Employee costs as a percentage of revenue shows how much of a business's revenue is spent on paying employees.
Employee costs as % of turnover = Employee costs ÷ Revenue × 100
True or False?
Employee costs as a percentage of revenue can rise even if wages have not changed.
True.
A fall in revenue makes employee costs look higher as a proportion, even if wages have not changed.
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