Exam code: 0620 & 0971
Most insect bites cause a stinging sensation because of the injection of a weak acid into the surface of the skin. Which substance could be used to neutralise the acid from an insect bite?
| substance | pH |
A | battery acid | 1 |
B | toothpaste | 8 |
C | grill cleaner | 13 |
D | lime juice | 3 |
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Hydrochloric acid is often used to clean metals by reacting with the surface coating which develops on some metals when exposed to the atmosphere.
Which row correctly describes the surface coating on these metals?
| name | acidic or basic | reacts with |
A | oxide | basic | acid |
B | oxide | acidic | basic |
C | alloy | acidic | basic |
D | alloy | basic | acid |
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Calcium reacts with sulfuric acid to form the salt, calcium sulfate, and another product.
What is the other product?
A | Oxygen |
B | Hydrogen |
C | Water |
D | Carbon dioxide |
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Which words complete the gaps 1 & 2 in these sentences?
Aqueous solutions of acids contain 1 ions and aqueous solutions of alkalis contain 2 ions.
| 1 | 2 |
A | Na+ | OH– |
B | OH– | H+ |
C | H+ | Cl– |
D | H+ | OH– |
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Indicators are substances that change colour when they are added to acidic or alkaline solutions.
Indicator | Colour in acid | Colour in alkali |
methyl orange | red | orange |
litmus | red | blue |
thymolphthalein | blue | colourless |
universal indicator | green | purple |
Which indicator displays the correct colour in each solution?
A | Methyl orange |
B | Litmus |
C | Thymolphthalein |
D | Universal indicator |
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Four different solutions, J, K, L and M, are tested with universal indicator.
solution | J | K | L | M |
colour with universal indicator | green | red | purple | orange |
Which solutions are acidic?
J and M
K and M
K only
L only
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The diagram shows elements X and Y in a section of the Periodic Table
Which statement about the oxides of the elements is correct?
A solution prepared with YO3 will have a pH lower than 7
A solution prepared with YO3 will turn blue if drops of thymolphthalein are added
A solution prepared with X2O will have a pH lower than 7
A solution prepared with X2O will turn blue litmus paper to red
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Which substance is a weak acid?
aqueous ammonia
ethanoic acid
hydrochloric acid
potassium nitrate
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Zinc oxide is an amphoteric oxide.
Zinc oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.
What are the products of this reaction?
a salt and hydrogen
a salt and water
a salt only
water only
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Which statement is correct?
Calcium oxide is an acidic oxide.
Carbon dioxide is a basic oxide.
Zinc oxide reacts with acids but not with alkalis.
Sulfur dioxide is an acidic oxide.
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Copper(II) oxide, aluminium oxide and sulfur dioxide are three oxides.
Which row correctly classifies all three oxides?
CuO | Al2O3 | SO2 | |
A | basic | amphoteric | acidic |
B | basic | basic | acidic |
C | acidic | amphoteric | basic |
D | amphoteric | basic | acidic |
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Aluminium is a reactive metal, but aluminium objects resist corrosion. A thin layer of aluminium oxide forms on the surface of the metal.
Aluminium oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid and it also reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
Which word describes this behaviour?
acidic
amphoteric
basic
ionic
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A student is provided with an unmarked beaker containing a colourless solution and asked to identify it. The student decides to perform a series of reactions with the solution and record the observations.
Which of these observations is not indicative of an acid?
The solution causes blue litmus to turn red.
On heating and the addition of copper oxide, the solution turns blue.
On the addition of ammonium carbonate, a colourless, pungent gas is released.
On the addition of a piece of magnesium, effervescence was produced and the magnesium piece ‘disappeared’ after a few minutes.
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Which of the following statements is not correct?
Ammonia is released when a base reacts with an ammonium salt.
Neutralisation occurs when an acid and an alkali react together.
Carbon dioxide is released when an acid and a carbonate react together.
The higher the pH of a solution, the higher its acidity.
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Which of the following properties is not indicative of a base?
Carbon dioxide is released when it reacts with a carbonate.
A salt is formed on reaction with an acid.
Ammonia is released on reaction with an ammonium salt.
Universal indicator paper turns blue when placed in an alkaline solution.
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A student was given an unknown substance and asked to analyse it. The student decided to perform three tests and recorded the results as shown below.
On heating with ammonium chloride a gas is released
The substance turns methyl orange yellow.
The substance does not react with potassium carbonate.
What kind of substance was the student given?
A salt
A metal
A base
An acid
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A student is testing two substances, P and Q, as shown.
The results of the test are that the Universal indicator paper turns blue. What are substances P and Q?
HCl and NH4NO3
NaOH and NH4NO3
NaCO3 and HCl
NaCO3 and NaOH
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A student gradually added excess potassium hydroxide from a burette to a conical flask containing sulfuric acid as part of a rate of reaction investigation.
Which statement describes the change in pH of the sulfuric acid as the aqueous potassium hydroxide was added?
The pH decreases from 14 to neutrality and remains constant
The pH decreases from 12 to 2
The pH increases from 1 to neutrality and remains constant
The pH increases from 1 to around 13
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Which of the following elements forms an oxide that can be used to neutralise an alkaline solution?
Nitrogen
Magnesium
Iron
Helium
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Farmers spread calcium hydroxide on their fields to neutralise soils that are too acidic for crops to grow well.
Which ion neutralises the acid in the soil?
Ca2+
H+
O2–
OH–
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Limestone fizzes and dissolves in dilute hydrochloric acid.
What is the word equation for this reaction?
calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid → calcium chloride + carbon dioxide
calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid → calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide
calcium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid → calcium chloride + hydrogen
calcium oxide + hydrochloric acid → calcium chloride + water
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Which solution has the lowest pH?
0.1 mol / dm3 ammonia solution
0.1 mol / dm3 ethanoic acid
0.1 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid
0.1 mol / dm3 lithium hydroxide
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Which products are formed when magnesium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid?
magnesium chloride, carbon dioxide and water
magnesium chloride, hydrogen and water
magnesium chloride and hydrogen only
magnesium chloride and water only
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The oxides of two elements, X and Y, are separately dissolved in water and the pH of each solution tested.
oxide tested | pH of solution |
X | 1 |
Y | 13 |
Which information about X and Y is correct?
oxide is acidic | oxide is basic | metal | non-metal | |
A | X | Y | X | Y |
B | X | Y | Y | X |
C | Y | X | X | Y |
D | Y | X | Y | X |
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Which statement about acids is correct?
A strong acid has a higher pH than a weak acid of the same concentration.
A strong acid is a proton acceptor.
A weak acid is a proton donor.
A weak acid is fully ionised in aqueous solution.
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Some common household substances are tested with litmus and methyl orange.
household substance | colour of litmus | colour of methyl orange |
bicarbonate of soda | blue | yellow |
lemonade | red | red |
milk | red | red |
milk of magnesia | blue | yellow |
washing powder | blue | yellow |
vinegar | red | red |
Which statement is correct?
Lemonade, milk and bicarbonate of soda are all acidic.
Milk of magnesia can neutralise washing powder.
Milk of magnesia, washing powder and vinegar are all bases.
Vinegar can neutralise bicarbonate of soda.
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Which oxide reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide but does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid?
Al2O3
CO2
CuO
Na2O
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What are the products when limestone (calcium carbonate) is heated strongly?
calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide
calcium hydroxide and carbon monoxide
calcium oxide and carbon dioxide
calcium oxide and carbon monoxide
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Magnesium oxide is a basic oxide. Sulfur dioxide is an acidic oxide.
Which row gives the correct reason for each classification?
magnesium oxide is basic because | sulfur dioxide is acidic because | |
|---|---|---|
A | magnesium is a metal | sulfur is a non-metal |
B | magnesium is a metal | sulfur is in Period 3 |
C | magnesium is in Group II | sulfur is a non-metal |
D | magnesium is in Group II | sulfur is in Period 3 |
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Which statement about acids is correct?
Acids are proton acceptors
Acids transfer electrons to bases in aqueous solution
Hydrochloric acid reacts with ammonium hydroxide to produce ammonia
Ethanoic acid partially ionises in aqueous solution
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Which oxide does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid?
CaO
Fe2O3
SO2
ZnO
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Propanoic acid is a weak acid.
What is a possible pH for a dilute aqueous solution of propanoic acid?
1
5
7
13
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Power stations that burn fossil fuels release sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere.
The waste gases are passed over an oxide to remove the sulfur dioxide before it escapes.
Which row gives the oxide used and the correct reason?
oxide used | reason | |
|---|---|---|
A | magnesium oxide | sulfur dioxide is acidic |
B | magnesium oxide | sulfur dioxide is basic |
C | silicon(IV) oxide | sulfur dioxide is acidic |
D | silicon(IV) oxide | sulfur dioxide is basic |
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Zinc oxide reacts with dilute nitric acid.
Which equation for this reaction is correct?
ZnO + HNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + H2O
ZnO + 2HNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + H2O
ZnO + 2HNO3 → ZnNO3 + H2O
Zn + 2HNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + H2
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Ionic equations 1 and 2 show how substance X behaves in aqueous solution.
1 | X- + H+ → XH |
2 | X → X- + H+ |
Which row correctly describes substance X?
| acid | base |
A | 1 | 1 |
B | 1 | 2 |
C | 2 | 2 |
D | 2 | 1 |
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In a reaction rate experiment, a student used equal volumes of acids P and Q to react with excess magnesium in separate conical flasks.
The following observations were recorded:
1 | Acid P produces hydrogen gas faster than acid Q |
2 | Both gases produce the same total volume of hydrogen gas |
Which statement correctly explains the students observations?
Acid P has a higher pH than acid Q
P is a carboxylic acid
Q is a weaker acid than P
P is more concentrated than Q
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Which indicator displays the correct colour in each solution?
Indicator | Colour in dilute sulfuric acid | Colour in potassium hydroxide solution |
methyl orange | red | yellow |
universal indicator | red | orange |
litmus | red | purple |
thymolphthalein | blue | colourless |
Methyl orange
Universal indicator
Litmus
Thymolphthalein
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Which equation does not show the correct reaction of an acid?
CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O
CaCO3 + HNO3 → CaNO3 + CO2 + H2O
2KOH + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2H2O
Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
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The pH of two samples of different dilute acids were found.
Acid X had a pH of 6
Acid Y had a pH of 3
Which statement is correct?
The hydrogen ion concentration of acid X is 1000 times greater than acid Y
The hydrogen ion concentration of acid Y is 3 times greater than acid X
The hydrogen ion concentration of acid Y is 1000 times greater than acid X
The hydrogen ion concentration of acid X is 100 times greater than acid Y
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Which row about aqueous ethanoic acid and dilute hydrochloric acid is correct?
both contain carbon | both contain hydrogen | both react with carbonates | |
A | ✓ | ✘ | ✓ |
B | ✓ | ✓ | ✘ |
C | ✘ | ✓ | ✓ |
D | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Key
✓ = yes
✘ = no
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