Effectiveness of Peacebuilding Efforts (DP IB Global Politics: HL): Revision Note

Western-centric approaches

• Peacebuilding is about securing lasting, positive peace

• Some claim that global governance institutions prioritise Western-centric ideals of lasting peace

Western-centric aspects of peacebuilding

1. Based on Liberal tradition originating in Western Europe 

2. The emphasis on democracy as the best model of government

   • Some argue that a state moving from authoritarian rule and conflict is not in the best place to support democracy - and instability results if it is forced

3. Prioritising economic interdependence and globalisation

   • Some argue that economic globalisation mostly benefits powerful states and this is just a way for them to increase their own wealth and power

4. It emphasises establishing legal structures which are based on Western principles of law

5. Traditional, indigenous and community-based traditions of conflict resolution are not often considered 

• There are differing opinions as to whether this then makes peacebuilding as promoted by the UN and other influential actors effective and to what extent claims that it is Western-centric are valid

Overlap of multiple actors

• There are many actors involved in peacebuilding, including IGOs, NGOs and state governments

• Multiple actors can have differing approaches, potentially resulting in a haphazard approach

Strategic peacebuilding paths

• Peacebuilding requires attention in a variety of areas, as seen below

• It could be argued that such a huge undertaking could not be accomplished without multiple actors

  • However, it can be challenging to make sure there is no duplication or conflicting approaches. 

• To better coordinate peacemaking efforts, the UN established a Peacebuilding Support Commission (PSC)

  • However, states have the power to refuse the involvement of the PSC and the Commission lacks the necessary funds and staff to effectively co-ordinate

  • Some argue that a top-down approach like this is not the best way to co-ordinate lasting peace and that more regional or local actors should prevent overlap

Can the effectiveness of peacebuilding efforts be measured?

• Peacebuilding is a multi-faceted process and very difficult to measure

• Transitioning from armed conflict to positive peace is a process that could take decades, if it is possible at all

• If armed conflict starts again, it is safe to say it has failed

• Measuring implies quantifiable data is used - but factors which indicate peace are not usually quantifiable

• Some argue that, although measuring the effectiveness of peacebuilding is challenging, this does not mean that it is not happening

• Focusing on improving government, human rights, economic equality and relations with neighbours improves the lives of people and reduces the likelihood of conflict