Demographic Transition (College Board AP® Environmental Science): Flashcards
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Define demographic transition.
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Cards in this collection (18)
Define demographic transition.
The demographic transition is the shift from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country develops economically.
Why is population growth slow in Stage 1 of the demographic transition model?
In Stage 1, population growth is slow because both birth and death rates are high.
True or False?
In Stage 2 of the demographic transition model, birth rates fall alongside death rates.
False.
In Stage 2, birth rates remain high while death rates decline, causing rapid population growth.
What causes death rates to decline in Stage 2 of the demographic transition model?
In Stage 2, death rates decline due to improvements in medicine, sanitation, and food supply.
Why do developing countries have higher infant mortality rates?
Developing countries have higher infant mortality rates because of limited access to healthcare, nutrition, and sanitation.
In Stage 3 of the demographic transition model, birth rates begin to decline due to increased access to contraception, urbanization, and improved women's .
In Stage 3 of the demographic transition model, birth rates begin to decline due to increased access to contraception, urbanization, and improved women's education.
True or False?
The total fertility rate of developed countries is usually above replacement level.
False.
The TFR of developed countries often falls below the replacement level of about 2.1, driven by access to contraception, women's education and work, and later marriage.
What happens to population size in Stage 4 of the demographic transition model?
In Stage 4, both birth and death rates are low, leading to population stabilization.
Why are there more children in the workforce in developing countries?
Economic necessity means families rely on children's labor for survival, so many children work instead of attending school.
In which stage of the demographic transition model are many developing countries, such as Niger?
Many developing countries, such as Niger, are in Stage 2 (early expanding).
Many developing nations rely on farming rather than industrial production.
Many developing nations rely on subsistence farming rather than industrial production.
Why do developed countries have aging populations?
Developed countries have aging populations because low birth rates combined with long life expectancy produce a larger proportion of elderly people.
True or False?
Many modern countries are still in Stage 1 of the demographic transition model.
False.
No modern countries are in Stage 1, although some remote tribal societies may show its characteristics.
Why do developing countries tend to have lower literacy rates?
Developing countries tend to have lower literacy rates because of limited access to education, particularly for women.
In which sectors are most workers in developed countries employed?
Most workers in developed countries are employed in services and manufacturing, rather than subsistence agriculture.
What infrastructure do many developing countries lack?
Many developing countries lack clean water, reliable electricity, and modern sanitation.
What reduces deaths across all age groups in developed countries?
Advanced healthcare, vaccination programs, clean water, and reliable nutrition reduce deaths across all age groups.
Define demographic transition model (DTM).
The demographic transition model (DTM) illustrates the demographic transition; it originally had four stages and was based on the development of the UK.
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