Reduction of Air Pollutants (College Board AP® Environmental Science): Flashcards
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What are the three broad approaches to reducing air pollutants?
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Cards in this collection (19)
What are the three broad approaches to reducing air pollutants?
The three approaches are regulatory practices, conservation practices, and alternative fuels.
Combining mass transit with more cities means people travel less, which reduces air pollutants.
Combining mass transit with more compact cities means people travel less, which reduces air pollutants.
How do alternative energy sources such as wind and solar reduce air pollution?
Alternative energy sources reduce greenhouse emissions and eliminate particulates from combustion.
Define vapor recovery nozzle.
A vapor recovery nozzle is an air pollution control device on a gasoline pump that captures fumes, such as benzene, during fueling and returns them to an underground storage tank.
Which US law requires states to prepare strategies to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)?
The Clean Air Act (CAA) requires states to prepare strategies to meet and maintain the NAAQS.
True or False?
The Montreal Protocol was designed to cut greenhouse gas emissions.
False.
The Montreal Protocol ends production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances to protect the ozone layer. The Kyoto Protocol targets greenhouse gas emissions.
What is the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement?
The Paris Agreement aims to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C of the pre-industrial average.
Which group of pollutants does a vapor recovery nozzle reduce?
A vapor recovery nozzle reduces VOCs, which contribute to smog and irritate the respiratory tract.
Define catalytic converter.
A catalytic converter is a device attached to a vehicle's exhaust system that uses metal catalysts to convert toxic gases into less toxic compounds.
Wet scrubbers use to neutralize sulfur dioxide before it leaves smokestacks.
Wet scrubbers use limestone to neutralize sulfur dioxide before it leaves smokestacks.
Why are the catalysts in a catalytic converter arranged in a honeycomb?
The honeycomb increases the surface area available for reaction.
Which toxic gases does a catalytic converter convert?
A catalytic converter converts carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), and hydrocarbons into compounds such as CO₂, N₂, and water.
What happens to the polluted water produced by a wet scrubber?
A sludge collection system traps the polluted water for later disposal.
True or False?
Dry scrubbers pipe exhaust gases through a water-sprayed chamber.
False.
That describes wet scrubbers. Dry scrubbers neutralize or convert exhaust gases using dry reagents, such as calcium oxide.
In a dry scrubber, calcium oxide reacts with SO₂ to form calcium .
In a dry scrubber, calcium oxide reacts with SO₂ to form calcium sulfite.
Define flue gas desulfurization (FGD).
Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) sprays flue gases with a wet slurry of calcium oxide and calcium carbonate, which react with sulfur dioxide to produce calcium sulfate.
Why is FGD important for coal-fired power stations?
FGD is the main way to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions from coal-fired power stations, and SO₂ is a health and environmental hazard.
Define electrostatic precipitator.
An electrostatic precipitator is a device that ionizes particles in waste gases so that charged collector plates attract them, removing dust and smoke.
What happens to the particles removed by an electrostatic precipitator?
The particles are removed into a collection hopper for disposal in landfills.
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