GCSEPhysicsEdexcelRevision Notes4. WavesProperties of WavesRefraction & Speed

Refraction & Speed (Edexcel GCSE Physics): Revision Note

Exam code: 1PH0

Written by: Ashika

Reviewed by: Caroline Carroll

Updated on 2 July 2026

Refraction & Speed

Higher Tier Only

When a wave hits a different medium the different parts of the wave enter the medium at different times
- Hence, this leads to a change in speed
The difference in speed between the parts of the wave in the first medium and the parts in the second medium causes the wave to bend
- Hence, this leads to a change in direction

Refraction can be represented using wavefront diagrams, as shown below:

$wave-refraction, IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notes$

The different parts of the wave enter the second medium at different times causing the wave to bend

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Author: Ashika

Expertise: Physics Content Creator

Ashika graduated with a first-class Physics degree from Manchester University and, having worked as a software engineer, focused on Physics education, creating engaging content to help students across all levels. Now an experienced GCSE and A Level Physics and Maths tutor, Ashika helps to grow and improve our Physics resources.

Reviewer: Caroline Carroll

Expertise: Head of Content Delivery

Caroline graduated from the University of Nottingham with a degree in Chemistry and Molecular Physics. She spent several years working as an Industrial Chemist in the automotive industry before retraining to teach. Caroline has over 12 years of experience teaching GCSE and A-level chemistry and physics. She is passionate about delivering high-quality resources to help students achieve their full potential.