Physical Chemistry

Atomic Structure

Fundamental Particles

Mass Number & Isotopes

Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

Shells & Orbitals

Electron Configuration

Ionisation Energy

Ionisation Energy: Trends & Evidence

Formulae, Equations & Calculations

Relative Atomic Mass & Relative Molecular Mass

Empirical & Molecular Formula

Balanced Equations

Reaction Yields

Atom Economy

Hydrated Salts

The Mole, Avogadro & The Ideal Gas Equation

The Mole & the Avogadro Constant

Reacting Masses

Reacting Volumes

The Ideal Gas Equation

Types of Bonding & Properties

Changes in State: Energy Changes

Ionic Bonding

Covalent Bonding

Dative Covalent Bonding

Dot & Cross Diagrams

Metallic Bonding

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Properties of Covalent Substances

Properties of Metallic Substances

Effects of Structure & Bonding

Molecules: Shapes & Forces

Shapes of Simple Molecules & Ions

Bond Polarity

Types of Forces between Molecules

Effects of Forces Between Molecules

Energetics

Bond Energy

Energy Level Diagrams

Enthalpy Changes

Calorimetry

Hess' Law

Applications of Hess’s Law

Bond Enthalpies

Kinetics

Collision Theory

Measuring Rates of Reaction

Maxwell–Boltzmann Distributions

Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate

Effect of Concentration & Pressure

Catalysts

Chemical Equilibria, Le Chatelier’s Principle & Kc

Chemical Equilibria

Le Chatelier's Principle

The Equilibrium Constant, Kc

Calculations Involving the Equilibrium Constant

Changes Which Affect the Equilibrium

Oxidation, Reduction & Redox Equations

Oxidation & Reduction

Oxidation States: The Rules

Redox Equations

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodicity

Classification of an Element

Trends of Period 3 Elements: Atomic Radius

Trends of Period 3 Elements: First Ionisation Energy

Trends of Period 3 Elements: Melting Point

Group 2, the Alkaline Earth Metals

Trends in Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals

Solubility of Group 2 Compounds: Hydroxides & Sulfates

Reactions of Group 2

Uses of Group 2 Elements

Group 7 (17), the Halogens

Physical Properties of Group 7

Chemical Properties of Group 7

Testing for Halide Ions

Uses & Reactions of Chlorine

Organic Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Functional Groups

Types of Formulae

Nomenclature

Structural Isomerism

Stereoisomerism

Alkanes

Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil

Modification of Alkanes by Cracking

Combustion of Alkanes

Chlorination of Alkanes

Halogenoalkanes

Reactivity of Halogenoalkanes

Reactions of Halogenoalkanes

Ozone Depletion

Alkenes

Structure, Bonding & Reactivity

Isomerism in Alkenes

Reactions of Alkenes

Test for Unsaturation

Addition Polymers

Solution to Plastic Pollution

Alcohols

Classifying Alcohols

Alcohol Production

Oxidation of Alcohols

Combustion of Alcohols

Elimination Reactions of Alcohols

Organic Analysis

Identification of Functional Groups by Test-Tube Reactions

Mass spectrometry

Infrared Spectroscopy

Organic Mechanisms

Fundamentals of Reaction Mechanisms

Chlorination of Alkanes

Nucleophilic Substitution

Elimination

Electrophilic Addition

AS Practical Skills

Physical Chemistry Practicals

Making a Volumetric Solution

Performing a Titration & Volumetric Analysis

Measurement of an Enthalpy Change

Factors Affecting the Rate of a Reaction

Organic & Inorganic Chemistry Practicals

Reactions of Group 2 Elements

Identifying Anions & Cations

Distillation of a Product from a Reaction

Testing for Organic Functional Groups

Advanced Physical Chemistry

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamic Terms

Born-Haber Cycles

Born-Haber Calculations

Comparing Lattice Enthalpies

Enthalpy of Solution & Hydration

Entropy

Gibbs Free Energy

Reaction Feasibility

Rate Equations

Rate Equations

Deriving Rate Equations

Rate Equation Calculations

The Arrhenius Equation

Finding Activation Energy

Concentration-Time Graphs

Rate-Concentration Graphs

Rate Determining Step

Equilibrium Constant (Kp) for Homogeneous Systems

Kp Expressions

Partial Pressure

Changes in Temperature & Pressure

Electrode Potentials & Electrochemical Cells

Representing Cells

Standard Electrode Potentials

Predicting Reactions

Commercial Cells

Lithium Cells

Fuel Cells

Fundamentals of Acids & Bases

Brønsted–Lowry Acid & Bases

pH & [H⁺]

The Ionic Product of Water

Further Acids & Bases Calculations

Acid Dissociation Constant

pKₐ

Titrations

pH Curves

Buffers

Advanced Inorganic Chemistry

Properties of Period 3 Elements & their Oxides

Na & Mg with water

Reaction with Oxygen

Melting Point Trend

Oxides Reacting with Water

Transition Metals

General Properties of Transition Metals

Ligand Exchange

Shapes of Complex Ions

Formation of Coloured Ions

Variable Oxidation States

Redox Titrations

Catalysis

Reactions of Ions in Aqueous Solution

Metal-Aqua Ions

Reactions with Bases

Advanced Organic Chemistry

Optical Isomerism

Optical Isomerism

Identifying Chiral Centres

Racemic Mixtures

Aldehydes & Ketones

Aldehydes & Ketones

Reduction of Carbonyls

Nucleophilic Addition

Carboxylic Acids & Derivatives

Carboxylic Acids

Esters

Biodiesel

Ester Hydrolysis

Acylation

Manufacture of Aspirin

Aromatic Chemistry

Structure of Benzene

Nitration of Benzene

Friedel–Crafts Acylation

Amines

Preparation of Amines

Basic Properties

Nucleophilic Substitution

Nucleophilic Addition–Elimination

Quaternary Ammonium Salts

Polymers

Condensation Polymers

Biodegradability & Disposal of Polymers

Amino acids, Proteins & DNA

Amino Acids

Proteins

Enzymes

DNA

Anticancer Drugs

Organic Synthesis

Organic Synthesis

Organic Mechanisms

Organic Mechanisms

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Principles of NMR

¹H NMR

¹³C NMR

Chromatography

Chromatography

Thin Layer Chromatography

Column Chromatography

Gas Chromatography

Interpreting Chromatograms

Advanced Practical Skills

Physical Chemistry Practicals

Required Practical 7

Required Practical 8

Required Practical 9

Entropy of Vaporisation

Iodine Clock Reaction

Determination of Kc

Making Simple Cells

Finding Ka

Titration Curves

Making Buffers

Inorganic Chemistry Practicals

Required Practical 11

Testing Period 3 Oxides

Ligand Substitution Experiments

Redox Titrations

Vanadium Oxidation States

Colorimetry & Complex Ions

Autocatalysis Experiments

Identifying Ions

Reactions of Metal-Aqua Ions

Organic Chemistry Practicals

Required Practical 10a

Required Practical 10b

Testing Aldehydes & Ketones

Required Practical 12

Exam boards

• Cambridge (CIE) A Level Chemistry
• Edexcel A Level Chemistry
• OCR A Level Chemistry A

Study tools

• AQA A Level Chemistry · Exam Questions
• AQA A Level Chemistry · Past Papers

Related links

• A Level Chemistry · Revision Notes
• A Level Chemistry · Exam Questions
• A Level Chemistry · Past Papers
• A Level Chemistry · Glossary
• AQA A Level Chemistry · Exam specification