LAN & WAN (OCR A Level Computer Science)

LAN & WAN

What is a Local Area Network (LAN)?

• LANs are networks that are contained within a  small geographical location 

• Typically, all the hardware used to make a LAN is owned by a single entity

  • This makes them more secure than WANs, which have connections owned by third-party companies

• A LAN is a network that is built using hubs and/or switches that connect several devices

• It is common for one hub or switch to be connected to a router, which will allow the LAN to connect  to other networks, such as the Internet

• A LAN can offer many advantages, such as:

  • Centralised management - A LAN allows centralised management of updates, backups and software installations

  • Security - A LAN can secure its devices with the use of firewalls, antivirus software and other security features to prevent unauthorised access

  • File Sharing and collaboration - A LAN allows users on the network to share resources such as printers and other peripherals. Users of the network can also collaborate and share files and folders

• Disadvantages of a LAN include:

  • If hardware fails, the network may not function properly or even at all

  • Networks are more prone to attacks than standalone computers

  • Access to data and peripherals can be slow depending on network traffic when compared to locally stored data and locally connected peripherals

  • Maintenance - LAN networks require maintenance to ensure that software is up to date. Upgrades and backups can be costly

What is a Wide Area Network (WAN)?

• WANs are collections of LANs spread over a large geographical area

  • E.g. a company may connect two LANs between two cities to create a WAN

  • The individual LANs are usually connected via third-party connections 

  • e.g. leased lines from ISPs or Telecommunications companies

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