Digital Divide (College Board AP® Computer Science Principles): Study Guide
The digital divide
What is the digital divide?
The digital divide refers to differing access to computing devices and the Internet across different groups of people
Access varies based on socioeconomic status, geographic location, and demographic characteristics, as well as between countries
People without reliable Internet or modern computing devices have fewer opportunities to access information, services, education, and employment
The digital divide can affect both groups and individuals; entire communities may have limited access, and within those communities individuals face different levels of impact depending on their personal circumstances
Causes of the digital divide
The digital divide exists because not all individuals or communities have equal access to:
The hardware needed to use computing (computers, smartphones, tablets)
Reliable, high-speed Internet connections
The digital skills required to use computing innovations effectively
These gaps can result from cost, infrastructure availability, location (urban vs rural), or government policy
Equity, access, and influence
The digital divide raises issues of equity, access, and influence, both globally and locally
Equity: unequal access widens existing social and economic inequalities
Access: those without reliable Internet or modern devices have fewer opportunities for information, services, education, and employment
Influence: those with greater access have more opportunity to shape political discourse, online communities, and the digital economy
Individuals, organizations, and governments all influence the digital divide through the decisions they make
Examples of influence:
Governments funding broadband expansion in underserved areas
Organizations donating computing equipment to schools
Individuals advocating for affordable Internet access in their communities
Group | How they influence the digital divide |
|---|---|
Individuals | Advocate for access, share resources, support digital literacy programs |
Organizations | Provide devices, training, or affordable services to underserved groups |
Governments | Set policy, fund infrastructure, and regulate access to broadband Internet |
Examiner Tips and Tricks
Exam questions about the digital divide often ask which groups are most affected; remember that socioeconomic, geographic, and demographic factors all contribute, so answers focused on a single factor are usually incomplete.
For the CPT, if your program relies on Internet access or modern hardware, consider mentioning in your written response who might be excluded from using it, as this shows awareness of equity issues.
Worked Example
Which of the following best describes the digital divide?
(A) The difference between digital and analog data
(B) Differing access to computing devices and the Internet across different groups of people
(C) The gap between users who prefer mobile devices and those who prefer computers
(D) The performance difference between fast and slow Internet connections
[1]
Answer:
(B) Differing access to computing devices and the Internet across different groups of people [1 mark]
The digital divide refers to differing access to computing devices and the Internet based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics. It is about who has access, not about technical performance differences between connections.
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