Health & Positive Psychology (College Board AP® Psychology): Flashcards
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Define stress.
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Cards in this collection (24)
Define stress.
Stress is the experience of feeling challenged, threatened, or overwhelmed by demands that exceed a person's perceived ability to cope.
Which cognitive process is a person's initial evaluation of a situation as threatening, challenging, or irrelevant?
Primary appraisal is a person's initial evaluation of a situation as threatening, challenging, or irrelevant to their wellbeing.
True or False?
Eustress is stress that overwhelms a person and impairs their performance.
False.
Eustress is positive, motivating stress that energizes a person and enhances performance; it is distress that overwhelms and impairs functioning.
Minor, recurring irritations of everyday life, such as traffic or work conflicts, are known as daily ____________.
Minor, recurring irritations of everyday life, such as traffic or work conflicts, are known as daily hassles.
Define General Adaptation Syndrome.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is Selye's model describing the body's three-stage response, alarm, resistance, and exhaustion, to prolonged stress.
Which stage of GAS is marked by the first activation of the fight-flight-freeze response?
The alarm reaction stage of GAS is marked by the first activation of the fight-flight-freeze response.
True or False?
During the resistance stage of GAS, a person becomes more vulnerable to other stressors because resources are focused on the primary demand.
True.
During resistance, physiological arousal stays elevated to cope with the primary stressor, leaving fewer resources to resist additional stressors.
What happens to the body during the exhaustion stage of GAS?
During the exhaustion stage of GAS, stress hormone reserves and immune functioning decline, leaving the person at greatest risk of stress-related illness.
Define tend-and-befriend.
Tend-and-befriend is a stress response, more common in females, involving caring for others and seeking social support rather than fighting or fleeing.
Which hormone promotes the tend-and-befriend stress response?
Oxytocin, a hormone linked to bonding and nurturing, promotes the tend-and-befriend stress response, particularly in females.
Which coping style directly targets a stressor and works best when the situation is controllable?
Problem-focused coping directly targets the source of a stressor and is most effective when the situation is controllable.
True or False?
Emotion-focused coping is generally most effective for stressors that cannot be controlled.
True.
Emotion-focused strategies such as relaxation and cognitive reframing manage the emotional response and work best when a stressor cannot be changed.
Define positive psychology.
Positive psychology is the field, founded by Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi, that studies what makes life meaningful and fulfilling rather than only mental illness.
What are the three components of subjective wellbeing?
Subjective wellbeing is made up of life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect.
Define subjective wellbeing.
Subjective wellbeing is a person's own evaluation of how satisfied and happy they are with their life, based on personal experience.
True or False?
Gratitude journaling has been shown experimentally to increase happiness and life satisfaction.
True.
Studies using random assignment to gratitude versus control conditions show that gratitude practices causally increase subjective wellbeing.
Peterson and Seligman's Values in Action classification groups character strengths into six universal __________ categories.
Peterson and Seligman's Values in Action classification groups character strengths into six universal virtue categories.
Which category of character strengths includes creativity, curiosity, and love of learning?
The wisdom category of character strengths includes cognitive strengths such as creativity, curiosity, and love of learning.
Which category of character strengths includes kindness and social intelligence?
The humanity category of character strengths includes interpersonal strengths such as kindness and social intelligence.
True or False?
Using a signature strength, one that feels most natural and energizing, is linked to higher happiness and greater meaning in life.
True.
Identifying and using signature strengths is linked to higher happiness, greater engagement, and increased meaning in life.
Define post-traumatic growth.
Post-traumatic growth (PTG) is positive psychological change that develops from struggling with a highly challenging life event such as trauma or severe adversity.
How does post-traumatic growth differ from resilience?
Resilience is bouncing back to baseline functioning after adversity, whereas post-traumatic growth is developing beyond that previous level of functioning.
Name three of the five domains of post-traumatic growth.
Three domains of post-traumatic growth are personal strength, new possibilities, and appreciation of life (relating to others and spiritual change are the other two).
True or False?
Post-traumatic growth research relies heavily on self-report measures, which may be affected by memory bias.
True.
Participants assess their own perceived growth retrospectively, so reports may reflect a desire for meaning or memory distortion rather than genuine change.
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