Define social identity .

A social identity is how an individual is defined in relation to others in society, such as by religion, gender, race, or disability.

What does intersectionality recognize about social identities?

Intersectionality recognizes that a person holds multiple social identities at once, which interact and overlap to shape their experiences.

True or False? In-group bias is the tendency to favor members of other groups over one's own group.

False. In-group bias is the tendency to favor members of one's own group over members of other groups.

A stereotype is a generalized belief about a group that is applied to all its members, regardless of individual differences.

Stereotypes function as cognitive ________________, reducing effort and speeding up judgment.

Stereotypes function as cognitive shortcuts , reducing effort and speeding up judgment.

How does confirmation bias keep stereotypes resistant to change?

Confirmation bias keeps stereotypes resistant to change because people notice and remember information that confirms the stereotype while ignoring contradictory evidence.

Prejudice is an attitude, often negative, held toward a group based on group membership, with cognitive, affective, and behavioral components.

True or False? A person cannot discriminate against someone unless they consciously hold prejudiced attitudes.

False. A person can discriminate without consciously holding prejudiced attitudes, for example through implicit bias.

Define implicit attitudes .

Implicit attitudes are unconscious attitudes that influence behavior without awareness, often measured using the Implicit Associations Test.

What does the just-world phenomenon lead people to do?

The just-world phenomenon leads people to believe the world is fair, which can cause them to blame victims for their own misfortune.

Define cognitive dissonance .

Cognitive dissonance is the discomfort caused by holding conflicting beliefs or behaving inconsistently with one's attitudes.

What did Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959) study find about participants paid one dollar versus twenty dollars?

Festinger and Carlsmith found that participants paid only one dollar later reported finding the boring task more enjoyable than those paid twenty dollars.

Define belief perseverance .

Belief perseverance is the tendency to maintain a belief even when evidence contradicts it.

AP®PsychologyCollege BoardFlashcardsSocial Psychology & PersonalityAttitude Formation & Attitude Change

Attitude Formation & Attitude Change (College Board AP® Psychology): Flashcards

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Define social identity.

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Cards in this collection (13)

Define social identity.
A social identity is how an individual is defined in relation to others in society, such as by religion, gender, race, or disability.
What does intersectionality recognize about social identities?
Intersectionality recognizes that a person holds multiple social identities at once, which interact and overlap to shape their experiences.
True or False?
In-group bias is the tendency to favor members of other groups over one's own group.
False.
In-group bias is the tendency to favor members of one's own group over members of other groups.
Define stereotype.
A stereotype is a generalized belief about a group that is applied to all its members, regardless of individual differences.
Stereotypes function as cognitive ________________, reducing effort and speeding up judgment.
Stereotypes function as cognitive shortcuts, reducing effort and speeding up judgment.
How does confirmation bias keep stereotypes resistant to change?
Confirmation bias keeps stereotypes resistant to change because people notice and remember information that confirms the stereotype while ignoring contradictory evidence.
Define prejudice.
Prejudice is an attitude, often negative, held toward a group based on group membership, with cognitive, affective, and behavioral components.
True or False?
A person cannot discriminate against someone unless they consciously hold prejudiced attitudes.
False.
A person can discriminate without consciously holding prejudiced attitudes, for example through implicit bias.
Define implicit attitudes.
Implicit attitudes are unconscious attitudes that influence behavior without awareness, often measured using the Implicit Associations Test.
What does the just-world phenomenon lead people to do?
The just-world phenomenon leads people to believe the world is fair, which can cause them to blame victims for their own misfortune.
Define cognitive dissonance.
Cognitive dissonance is the discomfort caused by holding conflicting beliefs or behaving inconsistently with one's attitudes.
What did Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959) study find about participants paid one dollar versus twenty dollars?
Festinger and Carlsmith found that participants paid only one dollar later reported finding the boring task more enjoyable than those paid twenty dollars.
Define belief perseverance.
Belief perseverance is the tendency to maintain a belief even when evidence contradicts it.

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