Sport: Grammar (AQA GCSE Polish): Revision Note
Exam code: 8688
To talk about sport in more detail, you need to be able to say how often you do something and who you do it with
Look at these grammar points in more detail
Adverbs of frequency and time expressions
Adverbs of frequency tell you how often something happens
In Polish, these adverbs usually come before the verb, but they can also come after the verb
Their position is more flexible than in English
Here are the most useful ones
Polish | English |
|---|---|
zawsze | always |
prawie zawsze | almost always |
często | often |
czasami | sometimes |
rzadko | rarely |
nigdy | never |
prawie nigdy | almost never |
od czasu do czasu | from time to time |
You can also use time expressions to say exactly when or how often you do sport
Polish | English |
|---|---|
w poniedziałek/ w weekend | on Monday / at the weekend |
codziennie | every day |
w każdy wtorek | every Tuesday |
raz w tygodniu | once a week |
dwa razy w miesiącu | twice a month |
You can start a sentence with a time expression or place it later in the sentence
For example:
Gram w piłkę nożną w sobotę. – I play football on Saturday.
W sobotę gram w piłkę nożną. – On Saturday, I play football.
You can put the time phrase first or last; the verb form stays the same
Z+ instrumental
To say who you do sport with in Polish, use z (with) followed by the instrumental case
The preposition z takes the instrumental case when it means "with" (z bratem)
When it means "from" it takes the genitive (z domu).
Here are the instrumental forms of mój (my), jego (his) and jej (her), which are most useful when talking about sport:
masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
my | moim | moją | moim | moimi |
his | jego | jego | jego | jego |
her | jej | jej | jej | jej |
Here are some examples using z + instrumental, as well as adverbs of frequency:
Polish | English |
|---|---|
Często gram w tenisa z moim bratem. | I often play tennis with my brother. |
Ona gra w piłkę nożną ze swoją siostrą w każdą sobotę. | She plays football with her sister every Saturday. |
On czasami chodzi pływać ze swoim kolegą. | He sometimes goes swimming with his friend. |
Trenuję dwa razy w tygodniu z moimi przyjaciółmi. | I train twice a week with my friends. |
Examiner Tips and Tricks
Using z + instrumental correctly is a great way to add detail and accuracy to your speaking and writing.
Try to include at least one example when describing your sporting activities. For example, instead of saying Gram w piłkę nożną (I play football), say Gram w piłkę nożną z moim bratem (I play football with my brother).
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