Travel & Tourism: Grammar (AQA GCSE Polish): Revision Note

Exam code: 8688

Sylwia Jurczak

Written by: Sylwia Jurczak

Reviewed by: Bridgette Barrett

Updated on

  • To talk about travelling and directions, it is worth knowing the most important prepositions and their combinations

  • In Polish, in the Travel and Tourism topic, two basic patterns often come up — do + genitive

Prepositions of motion

  • When talking about travelling, destinations and where you are coming from, Polish prepositions are important because they determine the case of the noun that follows

  • Use do when travelling to or towards most countries, cities and places. DO + Genitive — “to”

    • do Polski — to Poland

    • do Niemiec — to Germany

    • do Warszawy — to Warsaw

    • do hotelu — to the hotel

    • do centrum — to the centre

Examples

Polish

English

Lecimy do Hiszpanii.

We are flying to Spain.

Idę do hotelu.

I am going to the hotel.

  • Use na with certain destinations and activities, especially islands, beaches, holidays and events. NA + Accusative — “to / for”

    • na wakacje — on holiday

    • na plażę — to the beach

    • na wyspę — to the island

    • na kemping — to the campsite

Examples

Polish

English

Jadę na wakacje.

I am going on holiday.

Idziemy na plażę.

We are going to the beach.

Lecimy na wyspę.

We are flying to the island.

  • Use z / ze to say where someone is coming from or returning from. Z / ZE + Genitive — “from”

    • z Polski — from Poland

    • z Londynu — from London

    • z hotelu — from the hotel

    • ze szkoły — from school

Examples

Polish

English

Wracam z Polski.

I am returning from Poland.

Przyjechałem z Londynu.

I came from London.

Wróciliśmy z hotelu.

We returned from the hotel.

  • Remember: do → z
    Jadę do Polski. → Wracam z Polski.

The prepositions change depending on the direction of movement:

Question

Polish

Example

Dokąd? — Where to?

do + Genitive

Jadę do Polski.

Skąd? — Where from?

z + Genitive

Wracam z Polski.

  • Use przez when travelling through a place or area. Przez+ Accusative — “through”

    • przez Niemcy — through Germany

    • przez Warszawę — through Warsaw

    • przez centrum — through the centre

    • przez miasto — through the town

Examples

Polish

English

Jedziemy przez Niemcy.

We are travelling through Germany.

Pociąg jedzie przez centrum miasta.

The train goes through the city centre.

Useful question patterns

Polish question

English

Dokąd jedziesz?

Where are you going?

Skąd przyjeżdżasz?

Where are you coming from?

Przez jakie kraje podróżujesz?

Which countries are you travelling through?

Jak jedziesz do szkoły?

How do you travel to school?

Instrumental for transport (jechać + instrumental)

  • Use the instrumental case after jechać when saying what means of transport you are travelling by. Jechać + czym? - instrumental

    • autobusem — by bus

    • pociągiem — by train

    • samochodem — by car

    • samolotem — by plane

    • statkiem — by ship

Examples

Polish

English

Jadę autobusem.

I am travelling by bus.

Jadę pociągiem.

I am travelling by train.

Jadę samochodem.

I am travelling by car.

Lecę samolotem.

I am flying by plane.

Płyniemy statkiem.

We are travelling by ship.

Jadę rowerem.

I am travelling by bicycle.

  • The question czym? (by what?) helps you recognise the instrumental:

    • Czym jedziesz? → Jadę pociągiem.

    • Czym podróżujesz? → Podróżuję samochodem.

  • Many masculine and neuter nouns change to -em:

    • autobus - autobusem

    • pociąg - pociągiem

    • samochód -samochodem

    • samolot -samolotem

    • rower - rowerem

Examiner Tips and Tricks

  • Important: pieszo means on foot, so it does not use the instrumental

Past-tense narration

  • Use the past tense to talk about a journey or holiday that has already happened

  • When describing what you did, use the past tense and make sure the verb agrees with the subject

Polish

English

Pojechałem do Polski.

I went to Poland.

Pojechałam do Hiszpanii.

I went to Spain.

Zwiedziliśmy Warszawę.

We visited Warsaw.

Podróżowałem pociągiem.

I travelled by train.

Odwiedziłam muzeum.

I visited a museum.

Spędziliśmy tydzień nad morzem.

We spent a week by the seaside.

  • Useful time expressions

    • w zeszłym roku — last year

    • w zeszłym miesiącu — last month

    • w zeszły weekend — last weekend

    • wczoraj — yesterday

    • tydzień temu — a week ago

    • podczas wakacji — during the holidays

  • To make a past-tense narrative more detailed, use sequencing words:

    • najpierw — first

    • potem — then

    • następnie — next

    • później — later

    • w końcu — finally

Example

  • W zeszłym roku pojechałem do Krakowa. Najpierw zwiedziłem centrum miasta, potem odwiedziłem muzeum, a wieczorem zjadłem kolację w restauracji

  • Last year I went to Kraków. First I visited the city centre, then I visited a museum, and in the evening I ate dinner in a restaurant

Examiner Tips and Tricks

  • For a Higher answer, try to give more than one detail about your past trip and link your ideas with words such as najpierw, potem, później and w końcu

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Sylwia Jurczak

Author: Sylwia Jurczak

Expertise: Content Writer

Sylwia Jurczak is a Content Writer at Save My Exams and an experienced Polish teacher with over 12 years of teaching experience. She specialises in GCSE and A-level Polish and has experience as an AQA examiner for the GCSE Polish Writing component.

Bridgette Barrett

Reviewer: Bridgette Barrett

Expertise: Development Editor

After graduating with a degree in Geography, Bridgette completed a PGCE over 30 years ago. She later gained an MA Learning, Technology and Education from the University of Nottingham focussing on online learning. At a time when the study of geography has never been more important, Bridgette is passionate about creating content which supports students in achieving their potential in geography and builds their confidence.