The Regions of British Colonies (College Board AP® US History): Flashcards
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Why is Roanoke known as the "Lost Colony"?
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Why is Roanoke known as the "Lost Colony"?
Roanoke was found empty in 1590, and historians do not know what happened to the settlers.
In 1585, established Roanoke, England's first attempt to create a permanent settlement in North America.
In 1585, Sir Walter Raleigh established Roanoke, England's first attempt to create a permanent settlement in North America.
What was the significance of Jamestown, established in 1607?
Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in North America.
Define joint-stock company.
A joint-stock company is a company in which investors own shares and share financial responsibility, lowering each investor's risk.
Why did Jamestown's location increase disease?
Jamestown was built on low-lying marshland with dirty, salty water and mosquitoes that carried malaria.
True or False?
Jamestown's settlers planned carefully for permanent life in the colony.
False.
Settlers and leaders did not plan or prepare for permanent life, which led to the "Starving Time" of 1609-1610.
Which rule did John Smith introduce at Jamestown?
John Smith required colonists to work in order to receive food.
How did the relationship between the Powhatan and the English settlers change over time?
It began with diplomacy and trade but deteriorated over land, resources, and cultural misunderstandings, leading to wars.
Why did the Mayflower land at Plymouth instead of near the Hudson River?
Storms blew the Mayflower off course.
The Pilgrims, who left England to escape religious persecution, were also known as .
The Pilgrims, who left England to escape religious persecution, were also known as Separatists.
Define Mayflower Compact.
The Mayflower Compact was an agreement signed by 41 adult male passengers before leaving the ship, creating a system of government for Plymouth with laws made "for the general good of the colony."
Who were the "Strangers" on the Mayflower?
The Strangers were passengers who were not Pilgrims, a more secular group.
What was the Great Puritan Migration?
The Great Puritan Migration (1629-1640) was the movement of Puritans out of England to escape religious persecution, settling in Ireland, the Caribbean, and North America.
True or False?
John Winthrop described Massachusetts Bay as a "city upon a hill" that other people should follow as an example.
True.
In his 1630 sermon A Model of Christian Charity, Winthrop presented the colony as an example of Christian righteousness and charity for others to follow.
How did Massachusetts Bay's leaders deal with dissent?
Leaders banished anyone who disagreed with them, including Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson.
What principle about conscience did Roger Williams hold?
Williams believed no civil or church authority should control an individual's conscience.
True or False?
Roger Williams took the land for Providence from the Narragansett by force.
False.
Williams purchased land directly from the Narragansett.
Anne Hutchinson believed , not deeds, was all that was needed for salvation.
Anne Hutchinson believed faith, not deeds, was all that was needed for salvation.
True or False?
New Hampshire was founded as a haven for religious freedom.
False.
New Hampshire began in 1623 as a fishing colony; its founding had nothing to do with religious or political freedom.
What did Thomas Hooker say was the foundation of authority?
Hooker said authority was founded on the free consent of the people.
Define Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639), considered the first written constitution in America, brought three towns under one system of self-government.
Define Half-Way Covenant.
The Half-Way Covenant (1662) let people who had not experienced a conversion join Puritan congregations and have their children baptized.
Why was the Half-Way Covenant adopted?
By the 1660s, full church membership was declining because fewer people experienced a conversion.
How did Puritans divide over the Half-Way Covenant?
The covenant led to "strict" and "liberal" factions within Puritan churches.
was the first colonist to plant tobacco successfully in Virginia.
John Rolfe was the first colonist to plant tobacco successfully in Virginia.
What effect did Pocahontas's marriage to John Rolfe in 1614 have?
The marriage brought a time of peace between the Powhatan Confederacy and the English settlers until 1618.
True or False?
Historians agree that Pocahontas saved John Smith from execution.
False.
Some believe the event was a ceremony, and some suggest Smith invented or exaggerated the story.
What were the two motives for founding Maryland?
Maryland was founded to make money for its proprietors and to create a refuge for Catholics and other persecuted Christians.
Define Maryland Toleration Act.
The Maryland Toleration Act (1649) permitted colonists to practice any form of Christianity.
True or False?
Under the Maryland Toleration Act, disrespecting the Sabbath could be punished by death.
False.
Lesser offenses such as disrespecting the Sabbath brought fines; death was for serious offenses such as denying Jesus' divinity.
Define House of Burgesses.
The House of Burgesses, established in Virginia in 1619, was the first elected legislative body in colonial America.
The House of Burgesses was an elected assembly of male owners.
The House of Burgesses was an elected assembly of male property owners.
Whose interests did the House of Burgesses mainly serve?
The House of Burgesses was made up of plantation owners who created laws that benefited them.
Who led Bacon's Rebellion in 1676?
Nathaniel Bacon, a former member of the governor's Council, led Bacon's Rebellion.
Which economic problems helped cause Bacon's Rebellion?
Declining tobacco prices, competition from other colonies, rising prices for English goods, and poor weather caused hardship.
True or False?
Frontier settlers in Bacon's Rebellion believed Governor Berkeley was too harsh on Indigenous groups.
False.
Settlers thought the governor supported Indigenous groups too much and wanted more protection from raids.
Define indentured servant.
An indentured servant worked for a set term of service in return for transportation to Virginia, food, clothing, and a place to live.
True or False?
Younger indentured servants usually served shorter terms.
False.
The younger the servant, the longer the term; adults often served 4 to 7 years.
Define headright system.
The headright system granted land to an individual for each person ("head") whose passage they paid to bring to the colony.
How did the headright system benefit plantation owners?
The headright system let plantation owners enlarge their plantations and increase their wealth.
Define cash crop.
A cash crop is grown primarily to sell, not for a planter to consume or use themselves.
Which labor source did colonists increasingly use as indentured servitude declined?
Colonists increasingly used captured Africans as enslaved labor.
Which four colonies made up the Middle Colonies?
The Middle Colonies were New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.
Which feature of the Middle Colonies' population set them apart?
The Middle Colonies had great cultural diversity, with settlers from many European nations, including the Dutch, English, Germans, Swedes, and French.
True or False?
The Middle Colonies were known for strict religious conformity.
False.
The Middle Colonies had a relatively high degree of religious freedom, attracting groups such as Quakers and Jews.
The Indigenous group that lived in all four Middle Colonies was the .
The Indigenous group that lived in all four Middle Colonies was the Lenape.
True or False?
Slavery played no role in the Middle Colonies.
False.
Enslaved Africans were integral to the workforce, especially in New York.
Why did agriculture thrive in the Middle Colonies?
Fertile land and long growing seasons let farmers grow many crops and produce a surplus for export.
Which type of farming was the key economic driver of the Middle Colonies?
Grain production was the key economic driver of the Middle Colonies.
What was New York's major export?
Fur was New York's major export, traded through posts at Albany and Oswego.
Shipbuilding, textiles, and were key industries in the Middle Colonies.
Shipbuilding, textiles, and iron were key industries in the Middle Colonies.
True or False?
Women in colonial New York had no economic roles outside the home.
False.
Some women in New York had careers as merchants and shopkeepers.
Define plantation economy.
A plantation economy is based on the mass production of staple crops on plantations, which demands significant labor.
Southern Atlantic Coast and West Indies plantations mass-produced staple crops such as tobacco, rice, and .
Southern Atlantic Coast and West Indies plantations mass-produced staple crops such as tobacco, rice, and sugar.
True or False?
Plantation colonies relied mainly on free wage labor.
False.
The labor demands of plantation crops led these colonies to rely heavily on enslaved African labor.
How did enslaved Africans in the plantation colonies develop cultural autonomy?
Enslaved Africans blended African traditions with European and Indigenous influences.
What allowed the colonies to create their own self-governing institutions?
Distance from England and initially lax attention from the British government allowed colonies to govern themselves.
Who dominated political power in the Southern colonies?
Wealthy planters dominated local authority and the elected assemblies.
Define town meeting.
A town meeting was a New England gathering where colonists voted directly on issues and elected representatives to the colonial legislatures.
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