World War II: Mobilization (College Board AP® US History): Flashcards
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Which nations formed the Axis Powers?
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Cards in this collection (22)
Which nations formed the Axis Powers?
Germany, Italy, and Japan formed the Axis Powers.
How did Germany expand between 1936 and 1939?
Germany occupied the Rhineland (1936) in violation of Versailles, annexed Austria and took the Sudetenland (1938), and invaded Poland (1939), starting World War II.
Which country did Italy invade in 1935 to expand its colonial empire?
In 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia, known at the time as Abyssinia, to expand its colonial empire.
Why did many Americans support neutrality in the 1930s?
Many Americans supported neutrality because of memories of World War I, in which over 100,000 Americans died, and the security the Atlantic Ocean provided.
Define Nye Committee (1934-1936).
The Nye Committee investigated profiteering in World War I, finding that war suppliers had made big profits, which reinforced isolationism.
Define Neutrality Acts.
The Neutrality Acts (1935, 1937, 1939) banned arms sales and loans to nations at war.
Define Cash and Carry (1939).
Cash and Carry allowed Allied nations to buy US goods if they paid in cash and carried them on their own ships.
Define Lend-Lease Act (1941).
The Lend-Lease Act provided $50 billion in war materials to Allied countries, so the US clearly supported the Allies while still officially neutral.
Why was the Selective Training and Service Act (1940) significant?
It was the first peacetime military draft, requiring men aged 21-35 to register.
Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941?
Japan aimed to neutralize the American navy in the Pacific so it could expand in Asia.
True or False?
After the US declared war on Japan, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States.
True.
The US declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941, and Germany and Italy, as Axis Powers, then declared war on the US, fully drawing it into World War II.
What did "Rosie the Riveter" symbolize?
Rosie the Riveter symbolized women joining the workforce as men went to war.
How did Americans on the home front support the war effort?
They accepted rationing of food and supplies and bought war bonds.
Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?
The Tuskegee Airmen were the first Black American fighter pilots. They flew over 15,000 missions and paved the way for desegregating the military.
Define Double V Campaign.
The Double V Campaign was Black Americans' push for victory abroad and victory over segregation and discrimination at home.
Define Bracero Program (1942).
The Bracero Program was an agreement with Mexico to bring in temporary farm workers to replace US laborers serving in the military.
Define Executive Order 9066 (1942).
Executive Order 9066 was Roosevelt's order authorizing the forced relocation and internment of about 120,000 Japanese Americans.
About of interned Japanese Americans were US citizens.
About two-thirds of interned Japanese Americans were US citizens.
What did the Supreme Court rule in Korematsu v. United States (1944)?
The Court ruled that internment was necessary for national security.
What did the Civil Liberties Act (1988) do?
It recognized the injustice done to interned Japanese Americans and provided reparations.
How many Japanese Americans served in the US military during World War II?
About 33,000 Japanese Americans served, despite internment.
True or False?
Most African Americans who served in World War II fought in integrated units alongside white troops.
False.
Over 1 million African Americans served, but they were mostly segregated from white troops, often in roles such as transportation, supply, and labor.
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