1920s: Cultural & Political Controversies (College Board AP® US History): Flashcards
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Which groups moved to cities in the 1920s in search of economic opportunities?
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Which groups moved to cities in the 1920s in search of economic opportunities?
Immigrants, Black Americans from the South, and women moved to cities in the 1920s in search of economic opportunities, particularly in industry and service jobs.
What caused tensions between urban and rural America in the 1920s?
City dwellers embraced modernity and change, while many rural citizens resisted these social transformations.
Why did jazz symbolize the Roaring Twenties?
Jazz captured the decade's energy and cultural shifts, and jazz clubs and dance halls became popular places to socialize.
Define flapper.
A flapper was a young woman of the 1920s who rejected traditional expectations, frequenting nightclubs, smoking and drinking in public, and wearing shorter skirts and hair.
Which jobs did more women take in 1920s cities?
More women worked as clerks, salespeople, nurses, and teachers.
By the end of the 1920s, working women made up about of the US workforce.
By the end of the 1920s, working women made up about 20% of the US workforce.
How did the 19th Amendment (1920) change women's role in politics?
It gave women the right to vote, leading to greater political involvement and more activism for women's rights.
Why did the US pass stricter immigration laws in the 1920s?
Growing nativism and fears of economic competition from immigrants willing to work for lower pay drove stricter laws.
The Emergency Quota Act (1921) set quotas at of each nationality's US population in the 1910 census.
The Emergency Quota Act (1921) set quotas at 3% of each nationality's US population in the 1910 census.
Define National Origins Act (1924).
The National Origins Act cut quotas to 2% of each nationality based on the 1890 census, favoring Northern and Western Europe and reducing immigration from Italy, Poland, and Eastern Europe.
Define Harlem Renaissance.
The Harlem Renaissance was a 1920s cultural movement in Harlem, New York City, where Black American artists, musicians, and writers expressed cultural identity and pride.
How did the Great Migration fuel the Harlem Renaissance?
Around 200,000 African Americans moved to New York City, and many settled in Harlem, which became a cultural hub.
Which jazz musicians were leading figures of the Harlem Renaissance?
The leading jazz musicians of the Harlem Renaissance included Louis Armstrong, a trumpeter and singer, and Duke Ellington, a pianist, composer, and bandleader.
Who was Langston Hughes?
Langston Hughes was a poet and social activist known for portraying everyday life in Harlem.
True or False?
Claude McKay's poetry avoided questions of racial injustice.
False.
Claude McKay was one of the first noted Black American poets, and his work challenged racial injustice and white authority.
Who was Zora Neale Hurston?
Zora Neale Hurston was a novelist who explored the lives of Black women in the South.
Who was Aaron Douglas?
Aaron Douglas was the "Father of African American Art," known for bold colors and African heritage in his work.
Define modernism (1920s Protestantism).
Modernism was an urban-based Protestant view that accepted scientific findings, including evolution, and adapted religious practice to modern society.
Define fundamentalism (1920s Protestantism).
Fundamentalism was a rural-based Protestant view that upheld traditional values, strict morals, and a literal interpretation of the Bible.
Why was John Scopes put on trial in 1925?
He was tried for teaching evolution in Tennessee, breaking a state law that banned theories contradicting the biblical account of creation.
Who were the opposing lawyers in the Scopes Trial?
The opposing lawyers were William Jennings Bryan for the prosecution, representing fundamentalism, and Clarence Darrow for the defense, representing modernism.
What was the outcome of the Scopes Trial?
Scopes was found guilty and fined, but the trial drew national attention to the clash and was seen as a victory for modernism.
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