Military Conflict in the Civil War (College Board AP® US History): Flashcards
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Why did the Union's larger population give it an advantage?
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Cards in this collection (22)
Why did the Union's larger population give it an advantage?
It could supply workers for industry and soldiers for the military.
The North controlled about % of the nation's railroad lines.
The North controlled about 70% of the nation's railroad lines.
What advantages did the South gain from fighting a defensive war?
Southerners were defending their homes and way of life and knew the land well.
Which experienced military leaders did the Confederacy have?
The Confederacy had leaders such as Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson.
Define cotton diplomacy.
Cotton diplomacy was the Confederate strategy of withholding cotton to pressure Britain and France into supporting the South.
True or False?
Britain and France stayed dependent on Southern cotton throughout the war.
False.
By 1863, both had turned to other cotton sources, such as India and Egypt.
What weaknesses did the North face early in the war?
The North had ineffective generals, long supply lines, and fought on unfamiliar, hostile land.
What caused food shortages in the South?
Farmers were called to war, and Northern forces destroyed crops.
Why did the Confederacy's emphasis on states' rights weaken it?
It created division and slowed decision-making in the central government.
How could wealthy Northern men avoid military service?
Rich men could pay $300 to get out of military service.
Define New York City Draft Riots (1863).
The Draft Riots were violent protests in July 1863 against the federal draft, in which rioters targeted African Americans.
Why did many Irish immigrant workers join the Draft Riots?
They feared newly freed people would take their jobs if the Union won.
Why did Southern states often refuse to pay their share of war costs?
Some lacked the funds, and others did not want to pay for other states' needs.
How did the Civil War begin on April 12, 1861?
Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter, a Union fort in Charleston, South Carolina.
True or False?
The South won the First Battle of Bull Run (1861).
True.
The victory boosted the South's morale, and both sides recognized that the war would not be short.
Why was the Union victory at Vicksburg (1863) significant?
The Union took control of the Mississippi River, dividing the Confederacy in two.
Why was the Battle of Gettysburg (1863) a turning point?
The Union halted the Confederate advance into the North, beginning the South's decline.
Define scorched earth policy.
A scorched earth policy destroyed cities, crops, and railroads, as General Sherman did on his March to the Sea from Atlanta to Savannah.
Define Anaconda Plan.
The Anaconda Plan, devised by General Winfield Scott, aimed to blockade the South, control the Mississippi River, and capture Southern ports.
What was the Confederacy's overall military strategy?
The South aimed to prolong the war until the North lost the will to keep fighting.
Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, on 9, 1865.
Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, on April 9, 1865.
What surrender terms did Grant offer Confederate soldiers?
Soldiers could return home without facing treason charges, keep their horses, and received rations.
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