Jackson & Federal Power (College Board AP® US History): Flashcards
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Why did Andrew Jackson dislike the Second Bank of the United States?
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Cards in this collection (32)
Why did Andrew Jackson dislike the Second Bank of the United States?
Jackson believed the bank only served the wealthy.
What kind of money did Jackson trust?
Jackson was suspicious of paper money and thought only gold and silver should be used.
Who was Nicholas Biddle?
Nicholas Biddle was the president of the Second Bank, who applied to Congress in 1832 to renew its charter.
Why did Henry Clay back renewing the bank's charter in 1832?
Clay believed he would win the 1832 election if Jackson vetoed the charter.
True or False?
Jackson signed the bill renewing the Second Bank's charter.
False.
Jackson vetoed the charter and still won the 1832 election.
Define Whig Party.
The Whig Party, formed by Jackson's opponents and led by Henry Clay, favored a strong federal government, the Second Bank, protective tariffs, and federally funded infrastructure.
Which policies did the Democratic Party support?
Democrats supported limited government, an independent treasury, expansion into new territories, and keeping slavery out of national affairs.
Which things did the Democratic Party oppose?
Democrats opposed the Second Bank, high tariffs, the credit system, and federal funding for infrastructure.
Why did Jackson oppose federal funding for roads and canals?
Jackson saw it as an unconstitutional expense that made states pay for other states' needs and would benefit men with business connections.
Why did Henry Clay support federal funding for infrastructure?
Clay believed roads and canals were necessary to connect all regions of the country.
Define Tariff of Abominations.
The Tariff of Abominations was the Tariff of 1828, which raised import taxes by as much as 50%.
Why did Southerners oppose the Tariff of 1828?
They saw it as harmful to southern agriculture and favoring Northern manufacturing, and claimed it was unconstitutional.
Define Ordinance of Nullification (1832).
The Ordinance of Nullification was South Carolina's declaration that the 1828 and 1832 tariffs were "null, void, and unbinding" within the state.
What principle did South Carolina assert through nullification?
South Carolina asserted that states had the right to declare federal laws unconstitutional and refuse to follow them.
True or False?
South Carolina accepted that the federal government could use force to collect tariffs.
False.
South Carolina threatened secession if the federal government used force to collect tariffs.
In 1833, Congress passed the Bill, authorizing military force to collect tariffs.
In 1833, Congress passed the Force Bill, authorizing military force to collect tariffs.
What eased the nullification crisis in 1833?
A compromise tariff that reduced tariff rates eased tensions.
Why did white settlers threaten Indigenous territories in the early 19th century?
White settlers sought more land for farming and development.
How did the federal government force Indigenous groups from their land?
The government used legislation and ignored court rulings in favor of Indigenous groups.
Where did the Indian Removal Act of 1830 move Indigenous groups?
Indigenous groups were moved west of the Mississippi River into what is now Oklahoma.
Which five Indigenous nations lost farms and land through removal?
The Chickasaw, Choctaw, Seminole, Cherokee, and Creek lost farms and valuable land.
In 1828, white settlers discovered on Cherokee lands in Georgia.
In 1828, white settlers discovered gold on Cherokee lands in Georgia.
What was the purpose of the Indian Removal Act?
Its purpose was to allow white settlers to move onto Indigenous land.
What did Georgia's legislature do that led to Worcester v. Georgia?
Georgia voted to seize Cherokee lands, abolish the Cherokee government, and give the land to white Georgians.
Define Worcester v. Georgia (1832).
Worcester v. Georgia was the Supreme Court ruling that the Cherokee were a nation with distinct sovereign powers.
True or False?
President Jackson enforced Worcester v. Georgia to protect the Cherokee.
False.
Georgia and President Jackson ignored the decision, and it did not protect the Cherokee from removal.
Which treaty began the forced relocation of the Cherokee?
The forced relocation began after the Treaty of New Echota (1835).
Define Trail of Tears.
The Trail of Tears was the forced march of over 12,000 Cherokee west to what is now Oklahoma, beginning in 1838.
What caused deaths on the Trail of Tears?
Deaths were caused by exposure to extreme weather, hunger, disease, and exhaustion.
Experts estimate that about Cherokee died on the Trail of Tears.
Experts estimate that about 4,000 Cherokee died on the Trail of Tears.
True or False?
Only the Cherokee suffered deaths during removal.
False.
Thousands of people from other Indigenous groups also died.
Who was most at risk on the Trail of Tears?
The journey was especially deadly for infants, children, and older people.
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