European Exploration in the Americas (College Board AP® US History): Flashcards
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Over what period did European exploration and conquest take place?
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Over what period did European exploration and conquest take place?
European exploration and conquest lasted from the start of the 15th century to around the beginning of the 19th century.
Which two countries were the first to search for new sea routes to Asian markets?
Spain and Portugal were the first countries to search for new sea routes to Asian markets.
What did Spain and Portugal aim to gain from exploration?
Spain and Portugal aimed to enhance their wealth and power.
Which goods were bought and sold in Asian markets via overland routes?
Silk, gold, spices, and enslaved people were bought and sold in Asian markets via overland routes.
True or False?
Europeans looked for sea routes to Asia because overland routes were safe but slow.
False.
Overland journeys were hazardous, as robbers and thieves attacked trading merchants.
It was to go by ship than to travel overland.
It was cheaper to go by ship than to travel overland.
Define the 3 G's.
The 3 G's were gold, glory, and God, the motives that drove European explorers.
Why did explorers seek gold?
Explorers sought gold for the wealth it would bring them and their nations.
What did explorers mean by seeking glory?
Explorers sought glory in the form of fame when they returned to Europe.
True or False?
The "God" motive for exploration was only about spreading Christianity.
False.
The God motive combined the desire to spread Christianity with fear of Islam.
Who was Christopher Columbus?
Christopher Columbus was an Italian navigator who sailed for Spain in 1492.
Columbus's first voyage landed in the Bahamas, Cuba, and .
Columbus's first voyage landed in the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola.
Which Spanish explorer led the expedition that conquered the Aztec Empire?
Hernán Cortés led the expedition that conquered the Aztec Empire.
In 1513, Núñez de Balboa became the first European to see the Ocean from the Americas.
In 1513, Núñez de Balboa became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean from the Americas.
Which empire did the Spanish conquistador Pizarro conquer in Peru?
Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire in Peru.
Which Spanish explorer named Florida?
Juan Ponce de León named Florida.
True or False?
Cabeza de Vaca observed Indigenous peoples only from a distance as he traveled through Texas and Mexico.
False.
Cabeza de Vaca lived with Indigenous People, learned their language and customs, and recorded his findings in a book.
Which legendary cities did Francisco Coronado search for?
Francisco Coronado searched for the "Seven Cities of Cibola."
True or False?
Prince Henry the Navigator crossed the Atlantic Ocean himself.
False.
Prince Henry never crossed the Atlantic; his expeditions and studies of technology made westward exploration possible.
Define caravel.
A caravel was a small, easily maneuverable ship.
Why was Prince Henry known as the "Father of Navigation"?
Prince Henry was known as the "Father of Navigation" for his studies of navigation technology, such as the compass, hourglass, and quadrant.
Who was the first European to sail to India?
Vasco da Gama was the first European to sail to India, traveling around the tip of Africa.
In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias became the first European to reach the Ocean by traveling around the southern tip of Africa.
In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias became the first European to reach the Indian Ocean by traveling around the southern tip of Africa.
What did Magellan's 1519-1522 expedition achieve?
Magellan's expedition was the first European expedition to circumnavigate the globe.
True or False?
Magellan survived his round-the-world voyage and returned to Europe.
False.
Magellan died during the voyage, which lasted 1,082 days.
Why did early English, French, and Dutch explorers turn to exploring the lands they found?
They realized that direct trade routes to Asia did not exist.
England, France, and the Netherlands wanted to establish new colonies to grow their wealth.
England, France, and the Netherlands wanted to establish new colonies to grow their national wealth.
What did Sir Francis Drake's 1577-1580 voyage achieve?
Sir Francis Drake's 1577-1580 voyage circumnavigated the globe.
True or False?
Sir Walter Raleigh lived in the colony he established near Roanoke Island.
False.
Raleigh established a colony near Roanoke Island in North Carolina but never lived there himself.
What was Sir Walter Raleigh seeking on his 1595 expedition to South America?
Raleigh was seeking gold in what is now Venezuela.
Which area did Giovanni da Verrazzano become the first European to explore in 1524?
Verrazzano was the first European to explore what is now New York Harbor.
Which settlement did Samuel de Champlain establish?
Samuel de Champlain established the settlement now known as Quebec.
True or False?
Champlain discouraged trade between Indigenous peoples and New France.
False.
Champlain continued to develop the fur trade between Indigenous peoples and New France.
Where does the name "Canada" come from?
Jacques Cartier used the Indigenous word kanata, meaning village or settlement, to name the area, and it later became the nation's name.
In 1534, Jacques Cartier traveled to the Americas searching for and other riches.
In 1534, Jacques Cartier traveled to the Americas searching for gold and other riches.
Which country did Henry Hudson sail for in 1609?
Henry Hudson sailed for the Dutch in 1609.
What was Henry Hudson searching for on his voyages?
Henry Hudson was searching for a shorter, ice-free route to Asia.
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