The New South was the idea of a new beginning for the South after Reconstruction , based on modernization, industrial growth , and moving away from plantation agriculture .

Who popularized the idea of the "New South" ?

Henry Grady , a Southern newspaper editor , popularized the idea.

What did Henry Grady urge the South to build?

Grady urged the South to build factories and textile mills , and railroad networks to link Southern cities to the national economy .

Which Southern city became a center of iron and steel production ?

Birmingham, Alabama became a center of iron and steel production.

Why were textile mills built closer to the cotton fields?

Building mills near the fields cut transport costs and created new industrial hubs .

True or False? Industry replaced agriculture as the backbone of the Southern economy.

False. Agriculture remained the backbone of the Southern economy, and cotton and cash crops like tobacco dominated.

Why did plantation owners need a new form of labor?

Slavery had been abolished , and plantation owners wanted to keep costs low .

What trapped sharecroppers and tenant farmers in debt?

Sharecroppers and tenant farmers were trapped by high interest rates on loans for seeds and tools and exploitative agreements that left them little crop to sell after paying their rent.

Why has sharecropping been described as a new form of slavery?

Indebtedness kept farmers from ever leaving the farms .

How did segregation limit African Americans in the New South?

Jim Crow laws and customs reinforced a racially divided society , and systemic barriers stopped African Americans escaping tenant farming or accessing other economic opportunities .

Define sharecropping .

In sharecropping , laborers (mainly African Americans and poorer White people ) farmed land owned by wealthy landowners in exchange for a share of the crops .

In tenant farming, laborers the land but worked it for the owner in exchange for a portion of their harvest.

In tenant farming, laborers rented the land but worked it for the owner in exchange for a portion of their harvest.

Segregation is the separation of individuals based on race .

Define Jim Crow laws .

Jim Crow laws were laws passed by Southern states after Reconstruction that made segregation legal .

Which public facilities did Jim Crow laws segregate?

Jim Crow laws segregated restrooms, drinking fountains, transportation, schools, and restaurants .

Apart from separate facilities, what did Jim Crow laws deny African Americans?

Interracial marriage was banned, and African Americans were kept from serving on juries or being elected to public office .

How did lynch mobs enforce racial hierarchies?

Lynch mobs used violence and vigilante justice to punish African Americans.

Between 1890 and 1899, over African Americans were lynched in the United States.

Between 1890 and 1899, over 1,100 African Americans were lynched in the United States.

What did the Supreme Court rule in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

The Supreme Court upheld segregation under the principle of "separate but equal."

What was the impact of Plessy v. Ferguson ?

It gave legal backing to segregation and led to the widespread marginalization of African Americans.

Who was Ida B. Wells ?

Ida B. Wells was a journalist and newspaper editor who led anti-lynching campaigns and exposed the violence and discrimination African Americans faced.

True or False? Henry Turner's International Migration Society (1894) aimed to help African Americans move to northern cities.

False. The International Migration Society aimed to help African Americans emigrate to Africa to escape oppression in the United States.

Why did the emigration-to-Africa movement face resistance?

Many African Americans did not want to leave their homes , despite the challenges they faced.

Who was Booker T. Washington ?

Booker T. Washington was a reformer and educator who believed African Americans should become self-sufficient through self-improvement , without government help .

How did Booker T. Washington 's approach differ from other Black leaders' approaches?

He focused on vocational training and technical skills as the path to equality, while others pushed for immediate civil rights and integration .

True or False? Under Jim Crow laws, African Americans accused of crimes were guaranteed fair trials.

False. False accusations were often made under Jim Crow laws, and African Americans did not always get court appearances or fair trials .

AP®HistoryCollege BoardUS HistoryFlashcardsPeriod 6: 1865-1898The "New South"

The "New South" (College Board AP® US History): Flashcards

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Cards in this collection (26)

Define New South.
The New South was the idea of a new beginning for the South after Reconstruction, based on modernization, industrial growth, and moving away from plantation agriculture.
Who popularized the idea of the "New South"?
Henry Grady, a Southern newspaper editor, popularized the idea.
What did Henry Grady urge the South to build?
Grady urged the South to build factories and textile mills, and railroad networks to link Southern cities to the national economy.
Which Southern city became a center of iron and steel production?
Birmingham, Alabama became a center of iron and steel production.
Why were textile mills built closer to the cotton fields?
Building mills near the fields cut transport costs and created new industrial hubs.
True or False?
Industry replaced agriculture as the backbone of the Southern economy.
False.
Agriculture remained the backbone of the Southern economy, and cotton and cash crops like tobacco dominated.
Why did plantation owners need a new form of labor?
Slavery had been abolished, and plantation owners wanted to keep costs low.
What trapped sharecroppers and tenant farmers in debt?
Sharecroppers and tenant farmers were trapped by high interest rates on loans for seeds and tools and exploitative agreements that left them little crop to sell after paying their rent.
Why has sharecropping been described as a new form of slavery?
Indebtedness kept farmers from ever leaving the farms.
How did segregation limit African Americans in the New South?
Jim Crow laws and customs reinforced a racially divided society, and systemic barriers stopped African Americans escaping tenant farming or accessing other economic opportunities.
Define sharecropping.
In sharecropping, laborers (mainly African Americans and poorer White people) farmed land owned by wealthy landowners in exchange for a share of the crops.
In tenant farming, laborers the land but worked it for the owner in exchange for a portion of their harvest.
In tenant farming, laborers rented the land but worked it for the owner in exchange for a portion of their harvest.
Define segregation.
Segregation is the separation of individuals based on race.
Define Jim Crow laws.
Jim Crow laws were laws passed by Southern states after Reconstruction that made segregation legal.
Which public facilities did Jim Crow laws segregate?
Jim Crow laws segregated restrooms, drinking fountains, transportation, schools, and restaurants.
Apart from separate facilities, what did Jim Crow laws deny African Americans?
Interracial marriage was banned, and African Americans were kept from serving on juries or being elected to public office.
How did lynch mobs enforce racial hierarchies?
Lynch mobs used violence and vigilante justice to punish African Americans.
Between 1890 and 1899, over African Americans were lynched in the United States.
Between 1890 and 1899, over 1,100 African Americans were lynched in the United States.
What did the Supreme Court rule in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?
The Supreme Court upheld segregation under the principle of "separate but equal."
What was the impact of Plessy v. Ferguson?
It gave legal backing to segregation and led to the widespread marginalization of African Americans.
Who was Ida B. Wells?
Ida B. Wells was a journalist and newspaper editor who led anti-lynching campaigns and exposed the violence and discrimination African Americans faced.
True or False?
Henry Turner's International Migration Society (1894) aimed to help African Americans move to northern cities.
False.
The International Migration Society aimed to help African Americans emigrate to Africa to escape oppression in the United States.
Why did the emigration-to-Africa movement face resistance?
Many African Americans did not want to leave their homes, despite the challenges they faced.
Who was Booker T. Washington?
Booker T. Washington was a reformer and educator who believed African Americans should become self-sufficient through self-improvement, without government help.
How did Booker T. Washington's approach differ from other Black leaders' approaches?
He focused on vocational training and technical skills as the path to equality, while others pushed for immediate civil rights and integration.
True or False?
Under Jim Crow laws, African Americans accused of crimes were guaranteed fair trials.
False.
False accusations were often made under Jim Crow laws, and African Americans did not always get court appearances or fair trials.

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