Challenges of the 21st Century (College Board AP® US History): Flashcards
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In the 2000 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush ran against Democrat .
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In the 2000 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush ran against Democrat .
In the 2000 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush ran against Democrat Al Gore.
Why was the 2000 election controversial?
Gore won the popular vote by over half a million votes, but Bush won the Electoral College after a contested recount in Florida.
What did the Supreme Court decide in Bush v. Gore (2000)?
It stopped the Florida recount, awarding Florida's electoral votes to Bush.
What happened on September 11, 2001?
Al-Qaeda hijacked airliners: the Twin Towers collapsed, the Pentagon was hit, and Flight 93 crashed in Pennsylvania after passengers tried to retake it; over 3,000 people were killed.
Define Patriot Act (2001).
The Patriot Act expanded government surveillance powers to track suspected terrorists, including eavesdropping on phones and electronic communications.
Why was the Patriot Act controversial?
Critics saw it as an infringement on civil and privacy rights.
Define War on Terror.
The War on Terror is a multinational military and intelligence campaign to defeat terrorist groups, especially al-Qaeda.
What did the Afghanistan War achieve against al-Qaeda?
It overthrew the Taliban government that harbored al-Qaeda, and Osama bin Laden was killed by US Navy SEALs in May 2011.
Define Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
The DHS was established in 2002 to consolidate national security efforts, protect citizens and borders, and identify possible terrorists.
Why was Barack Obama's 2008 election historic?
He was the first African American president, a milestone symbolizing progress in racial equality.
Define Great Recession (2007-2009).
The Great Recession was a global economic downturn that began with the housing market collapse, leading to a financial crisis and widespread unemployment.
How did Obama respond to the Great Recession?
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (2009) used tax incentives, social programs, and infrastructure projects to create jobs, though the recovery was slow.
Which trade policy did Donald Trump pursue toward China?
He imposed tariffs on Chinese imports, which heightened tensions.
How did wars in the Middle East highlight US energy concerns?
They drew attention to US dependence on oil from Arab nations, raising concerns about energy security and the need for alternatives.
Define fracking.
Fracking is the use of high-pressure water to extract natural gas and oil from deep underground.
What environmental concerns does fracking raise?
Although fracking could dramatically increase domestic oil supplies, it raises concerns about water contamination, disposal of wastewater, and earthquake risks.
True or False?
Nuclear power was viewed as an alternative to fossil fuels with no environmental concerns.
False.
Although nuclear power was viewed as an alternative to fossil fuels, concerns remained about the potential for catastrophic accidents, waste disposal, and safety issues.
What environmental concerns do electric vehicles raise?
Although electric vehicles reduce oil dependence and have lower carbon emissions, concerns remain about the environmental impact of battery production and the charging infrastructure they require.
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