The Rise of Political Parties & the Era of Jefferson (College Board AP® US History): Flashcards
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What kind of government and economy did the Federalists favor?
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What kind of government and economy did the Federalists favor?
The Federalists favored a strong central government and a strong manufacturing and industrial economy.
What kind of government and economy did the Democratic-Republicans favor?
The Democratic-Republicans favored a limited central government and a strong agrarian economy.
Define Revolution of 1800.
The Revolution of 1800 was Jefferson's name for the election of 1800, which brought the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties.
True or False?
In the election of 1800, Jefferson clearly defeated Aaron Burr in the electoral vote.
False.
Jefferson and Burr tied, because electors' votes did not specify which candidate should hold which office.
Because Jefferson and Burr tied in 1800, the elected Jefferson as president.
Because Jefferson and Burr tied in 1800, the House of Representatives elected Jefferson as president.
What did the 12th Amendment (1804) require?
The 12th Amendment required electors to cast separate ballots for president and vice president.
True or False?
Thomas Jefferson proposed the Whiskey Tax of 1791.
False.
Alexander Hamilton, as Secretary of the Treasury, proposed the Whiskey Tax; Jefferson had never liked the tax.
Why did western farmers distill extra grain into whiskey?
Whiskey was easier to transport than grain.
Why did people on the frontier oppose the whiskey tax?
They used whiskey instead of cash to pay for goods and services.
How did Jefferson change federal revenue in 1802?
Jefferson cut taxes that affected farmers and shifted to federal income from tariffs.
Why did Americans want more land in the early 1800s?
America's growing population wanted land for settlement, farming, and other opportunities.
Whom did Jefferson send to France in 1803 to negotiate with Napoleon?
Jefferson sent James Monroe to join Robert Livingston in France.
What did the United States originally aim to buy from France?
The United States aimed to buy part or all of Florida and gain control of the port of New Orleans for up to $10 million.
Napoleon offered to sell all of France's land west of the Mississippi River for $ million.
Napoleon offered to sell all of France's land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.
True or False?
The Louisiana Purchase fit Jefferson's beliefs as a strict constructionist.
False.
No part of the Constitution gave the power to purchase territory, so Jefferson thought a constitutional amendment was needed.
How did Madison and Jefferson's Cabinet argue the purchase was constitutional?
They argued the deal was permitted under the Constitution's rules about making treaties.
How did the Louisiana Purchase change the United States?
The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States.
What was the aim of the Lewis and Clark expedition?
The expedition aimed to explore, map, and gather scientific knowledge about the northern region of the Louisiana Purchase.
Lewis and Clark's 1804-1806 expedition was known as the Corps of .
Lewis and Clark's 1804-1806 expedition was known as the Corps of Discovery.
True or False?
Lewis and Clark found the Northwest Passage.
False.
The expedition proved there was no such route.
Who was Sacagawea?
Sacagawea was a Shoshone woman who worked as an interpreter, helping the expedition acquire horses and other resources.
Who led an expedition to the southern region of the Louisiana Purchase in 1806-1807?
Zebulon Pike led an expedition to the southern region of the Louisiana Purchase.
Who was John Marshall?
John Marshall was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1801-1835) whose landmark decisions expanded the federal government and the power of the courts.
Define judicial review.
Judicial review is the power of the courts to declare a law unconstitutional.
Which Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the principle of judicial review.
Adams made his last-minute judicial appointments under the " Judges Act."
Adams made his last-minute judicial appointments under the "Midnight Judges Act."
Why did William Marbury sue James Madison?
Madison, Jefferson's secretary of state, did not deliver Marbury's commission as a justice of the peace.
True or False?
In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court ordered Madison to deliver Marbury's commission.
False.
The Court said refusing the commission was illegal, but ruled that the law Marbury used to sue conflicted with the Constitution.
What principle about the Constitution and ordinary laws did Marbury v. Madison establish?
The Constitution takes precedence over any legislation; Congress cannot modify the Constitution with an ordinary law.
What did Maryland try to do in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?
Maryland tried to tax the Second Bank of the United States.
What did the Supreme Court rule in McCulloch v. Maryland?
The federal government had the power to establish a bank, and Maryland could not tax it.
True or False?
In McCulloch v. Maryland, Marshall ruled that Congress has only the powers explicitly written in the Constitution.
False.
Marshall wrote that Congress has powers not explicitly written in the Constitution.
What did McCulloch v. Maryland establish about national and state laws?
National laws supersede state laws, and states cannot control the Constitution or federal laws.
What territory did Britain give the United States under the Treaty of Ghent?
Under the Treaty of Ghent, Britain gave the United States all of its territory in the Northwest.
What were the three US goals in fighting the War of 1812?
The United States fought to determine its autonomy, protect its citizens from impressment, and defend its western border.
Define Embargo Act of 1807.
The Embargo Act of 1807 made exports from American ports illegal.
True or False?
The Embargo Act harmed British and French trade more than American trade.
False.
The Embargo Act harmed American trading interests more, making it very unpopular.
What did Macon's Bill Number 2 (1810) offer Britain and France?
If either nation created more favorable trading conditions, the United States would stop trading with the other.
Why did Shawnee leader Tecumseh support British forces?
Tecumseh supported the British to stop American settlers moving into Indigenous lands.
Define impressment.
Impressment was the forcing of men into service on Royal Navy ships.
What happened in the Chesapeake affair of 1807?
The British ship HMS Leopard fired on the USS Chesapeake and impressed four sailors, three of them US citizens.
Define Hartford Convention.
The Hartford Convention (1814-1815) was a series of meetings of New England Federalists who opposed the War of 1812 and its economic impact.
How did the Hartford Convention affect the Federalist Party?
People elsewhere saw the Federalists as disloyal and unpatriotic, which started the party's decline.
Which treaty ended the War of 1812?
The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812.
How was the border between the United States and Canada to be settled after the war?
Planned commissions would later decide the border.
A sense of and confidence swept over the nation after the War of 1812.
A sense of nationalism and confidence swept over the nation after the War of 1812.
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