Market Revolution: Industrialization (College Board AP® US History): Flashcards
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Define market revolution.
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Define market revolution.
The market revolution was the early 19th-century period when innovations in transportation, industry, and agriculture got goods to national and international markets faster, growing the economy.
What made the National Road (Cumberland Road) significant?
It was the first highway paid for entirely with federal funds and opened the Ohio River Valley and Midwest to settlement and commerce.
Why was the Erie Canal (1817-1825) significant?
It was the first canal to connect Great Lakes ports to eastern markets, helping New York City become a major commerce center.
What advantage did steamships bring to river transport?
Steamships could travel both upstream and downstream.
True or False?
Railroads were slower than steamships but more reliable.
False.
Railroads were faster than steamships, and weather such as ice did not stop them as it could stop canals.
The & Ohio Railroad was the first US steam railway to carry both passengers and freight.
The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad was the first US steam railway to carry both passengers and freight.
How did new patent laws affect innovation?
Patent laws protected intellectual property, promoting a surge in innovation.
How did Eli Whitney's interchangeable parts change manufacturing?
Eli Whitney's interchangeable parts let unskilled laborers replace skilled workers and led to mass production instead of individual pieces made by hand.
What did Samuel Slater build in Rhode Island in 1793?
Slater built the first successful water-powered cotton mill in the United States.
Define Mill Girls.
Mill Girls were young women, mostly aged 15-30 from New England farm families, who worked in the Lowell textile factories.
True or False?
Mill Girls controlled their own working and living schedules.
False.
The factories controlled when they worked, slept, and had time for leisure.
How did demand for Southern cotton change farming?
Farming shifted from subsistence farming to commercial farming focused on profit.
How did the cotton gin lead to more enslaved labor?
The cotton gin let farmers process more cotton for more profit, which led to an increase in enslaved labor.
John Deere invented the steel in 1837.
John Deere invented the steel plow in 1837.
What did the steel plow make possible?
The steel plow made it easier to plow prairie farms and work tougher soils.
Who invented the mechanical reaper in 1831?
Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical reaper.
How did the mechanical reaper change farming?
The reaper replaced scythes, letting farmers harvest faster and increase crop production.
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