Sectional Conflict: Regional Differences (College Board AP® US History): Flashcards
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Why did many Irish immigrants flee Ireland between 1845 and 1852?
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Cards in this collection (25)
Why did many Irish immigrants flee Ireland between 1845 and 1852?
They fled the Great Famine.
Why did many German immigrants come to the United States after 1848?
They sought political freedom and economic opportunity after failed revolutions in the German states.
Why did Irish and German immigrants face religious discrimination?
Most were Roman Catholic, arriving in a predominantly Protestant country.
Define cultural enclave.
A cultural enclave was an urban neighborhood where immigrants lived among other people from their homeland.
What did cultural enclaves help immigrants preserve?
Enclaves preserved immigrants' customs, language, and religion and provided a support network.
Many Irish immigrants in New York City lived in the Points neighborhood.
Many Irish immigrants in New York City lived in the Five Points neighborhood.
What were conditions like in immigrant tenements?
Tenements were overcrowded and unsanitary, with high crime rates.
Define Nativism.
Nativism was a movement of hostility from native-born Americans toward immigrants, especially Catholics from Ireland and Germany.
Why did nativists question Catholic immigrants' loyalty?
Nativists feared Catholics were loyal to the Pope over American ideals.
Define Know-Nothing Party.
The Know-Nothing Party, or American Party, was a nativist political movement formed in the 1850s.
Why were members called "Know-Nothings"?
Members got the name because of the party's secretive nature.
Whose political power did the Know-Nothings want to limit?
They wanted to limit immigrants' voting rights, especially those of Catholics.
True or False?
The Know-Nothings wanted immigrants to become citizens more quickly.
False.
They pushed for longer naturalization periods, making citizenship harder to gain.
Why did the North largely oppose the expansion of slavery?
The North opposed its expansion for a combination of economic and moral reasons.
What kind of economy did the North have in the 1850s?
The North had an industrialized, manufacturing-based economy producing goods such as textiles, iron, and machinery.
Who made up the North's labor force?
The North's labor force was made up of wage-earning factory workers, often immigrants, workers from rural areas, and native-born citizens.
The North's population grew to about million people by the 1850s.
The North's population grew to about 18.5 million people by the 1850s.
What caused the North's rapid population growth?
The North's population grew because of industrialization and immigration.
True or False?
Most Northerners wanted to ban slavery everywhere in the United States.
False.
Many Northerners wanted to confine slavery to the South and prevent its expansion.
What kind of economy did the South have?
The South had an agriculture-based economy built on cash crops such as cotton, tobacco, and sugar.
What was the South's population made up of?
The South had a smaller population than the North, made up of about 5.5 million free people and 3.5 million enslaved people.
Why did pro-slavery groups want slavery to expand into new territories?
They believed slavery was essential for the South's economic survival and that new land was needed for its agricultural economy.
Define Free Soil Movement.
The Free Soil Movement opposed the spread of slavery into new territories, to keep them open for free labor and settlement.
Why did Free Soilers think the spread of slavery hurt wage workers?
Slavery gave slaveowners an unfair economic advantage, making it hard for wage workers to compete for jobs.
True or False?
The Free Soil Movement was made up only of abolitionists.
False.
The core members of the Free Soil Movement were a mix of Northern Democrats, Whigs, and abolitionists.
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