Failure of Reconstruction (College Board AP® US History): Flashcards
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Define sharecropping.
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Define sharecropping.
Sharecropping was an agricultural system in the South after the Civil War in which tenants farmed a landowner's land and gave the landowner a share of the crop.
Why did sharecropping develop to replace plantation agriculture?
It let plantation owners keep their land and their income from it without having to sell.
What did sharecroppers owe the landowner at the end of the harvest?
They had to repay the cost of seed and equipment and give a percentage or share of the crop.
True or False?
Only freed African Americans worked as sharecroppers in the South.
False.
Poor White people who could not afford to buy their own land also worked as sharecroppers, alongside freed African Americans.
Why could tenants not escape the sharecropping system?
Tenants could never obtain enough cash to buy land for themselves.
Who founded the Ku Klux Klan?
The Ku Klux Klan was founded by former Confederate soldiers in Tennessee in 1865.
What methods did the Ku Klux Klan use to suppress African Americans?
The Klan burned houses, churches, and crops, used intimidation, and lynched African Americans who resisted.
Define Freedmen's Bureau.
The Freedmen's Bureau was established by Congress in 1865 to provide physical and financial assistance to formerly enslaved people and poor White people in the South.
What services did the Freedmen's Bureau provide?
It provided clothing, medicine, and homes, established schools and colleges, offered legal services and employment, and helped reunite separated families.
Why was the Freedmen's Bureau disbanded in 1872?
It was disbanded because of a lack of political backing and funds.
Between 1870 and 1877, African American men were elected to the US Congress.
Between 1870 and 1877, sixteen African American men were elected to the US Congress.
Why was African American political empowerment restricted after Reconstruction?
The rise of Jim Crow laws and voter suppression in the South restricted it.
Who were the candidates in the presidential election of 1876?
The candidates were Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) and Samuel J. Tilden (Democrat).
True or False?
Rutherford B. Hayes won the popular vote in 1876.
False.
Tilden won the popular vote, but a special electoral commission awarded the disputed votes to Hayes.
Define Compromise of 1877.
The Compromise of 1877 was an informal, unwritten agreement in which Southern Democrats accepted Hayes as president in return for the removal of federal troops from the South, ending Reconstruction.
What happened to political power in the South after Reconstruction ended?
Southern Democrats regained political power and dominated Southern politics for decades.
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