Force Fields (AQA A Level Physics): Revision Note

Exam code: 7408

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Written by: Ashika

Reviewed by: Tim

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Concept of a force field

  • A force field is any region of space where a body will experience a non-contact force

    • This will cause the body to move, interact or be deformed in some way

  • A non-contact force is a force that acts without physical contact

    • Pushing a trolley is a contact force

    • A fridge magnet being attracted to the metal on a fridge is a non-contact force

  • Force fields arise from the interactions between bodies or particles

    • Static or moving charged particles experience a force in an electric field

    • Moving charged particles experience a force in a magnetic field

    • Particles with mass experience a force in a gravitational field

  • For example, the effects of the Moon and Sun's gravitational fields can be seen on Earth, such as the cause of tides

Contact-force examples show pushing and pulling blocks, plus a left-pointing friction-force arrow beside a football, block and cylinder. Non-contact gravity is shown by downward arrows acting on a jumper and skydiver.
Examples of contact and non-contact forces

Direction of a force field

  • The direction of a force field can be represented as a vector, the direction of which must be determined by inspection

  • The direction of the vector shows the direction of the force that would be exerted on that body if it was placed in that position in the field

  • The direction of a force field is shown by field lines (or 'lines of force'), which are represented by arrows

  • A force field on a three-dimensional object is the force acting over the whole three-dimensional object

    • For spherical objects, such as a planet, the object can be approximated to a point mass

A planet with gravitational field lines drawn as arrows pointing inwards towards its centre. Labels identify the vector direction and “vectors in a gravitational field. A red object above Earth has a downward force arrow, where the object will experience a force in the direction of the field lines.
The direction of the gravitational force is shown by the vector field lines

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Ashika

Author: Ashika

Expertise: Physics Content Creator

Ashika graduated with a first-class Physics degree from Manchester University and, having worked as a software engineer, focused on Physics education, creating engaging content to help students across all levels. Now an experienced GCSE and A Level Physics and Maths tutor, Ashika helps to grow and improve our Physics resources.

Tim

Reviewer: Tim

Expertise: Content Creator

Timothy graduated with a first class degree in Mathematics and Physics from the University of Warwick. After working as a postgraduate researcher, Timothy has worked as a content creator for various online revision platforms, creating physics resources for a range of levels and exam boards.